SLANG WORDS AND COLLOQUIALISMS

Slang words are in common informal use, but generally considered not to form part of standard English even though they are often used deliberately for their picturesque or unconventional effect.
Colloquialisms are words or phrases often used in familiar or ordinary conversation rather than in formal writing.
Thus slang and colloquialisms are informal words meant for usage in informal conversations.
It is often difficult to distinguish between a slang and a colloquial expression. A good dictionary would help you to know whether a word is a slang or a colloquial expression. Some examples of slang words and colloquialisms are given her: their distinction is based on the Oxford English Dictionary.

Examples of Slangs:
1. Hep: A hep (well-informed) person.
A hep (stylish) stroke made by the batsman.
A hep (jazz or swing addict) crowd of university boys and girls.
2. Drop dead!: An exclamation of intense scorn.
3. Crow: She is a crow (an old and ugly woman).
4. If I look at your pan any longer, I will lose my temper. (pan means face).
5.I can bomb out his plans. (bomb out means fall).
6. He is sure to cinch the deal (cinch means tie up).
7. The young man was fried up and could not drive straight (fried up means drunk).
8. He is a son of a big gun (big gun means important person).
9. He will give you the pip if you get a bad report (pip means show you his temper).
10.You will get stuck in your work the whole day (get stuck means involved in earnestly).

Examples of Colloquialisms:
1. What a close shave! (close shave-narrow escape).
2. The terrorist put the police on the ball (on the ball-alert).
3. Not such hot news(such hot-only mediocre).
4. He is made of money (made of money-very rich).
5. The enemy positions cracked up (cracked up - collapsed under strain).
6. May i be excused? (be excused - to leave the room).
7. He got the job in one go? (one go - at first attempt).
8. He consumed a peg of whiskey on the rocks (on the rocks - with ice-cubes only, or without water or soda).
9. Let us run along (run along-depart) to our own destinations.
10.We are all set (all set- ready to start) for the summit.

JOKES AND RIDDLES

Son: What’s a weapon?
Father: It’s something you fight with.
Son: Is Mom your weapon?


Giri: Teacher, would you scold someone for something he didn’t do?
Teacher: Of course not.
Giri: Well that’s good, because I didn’t do my homework.


A scientist invented a liquid that would dissolve anything it touched. However, he couldn’t sell the invention why?
There was nothing he could put the liquid in.


Where does afternoon always come before morning?
In the dictionary.


What loses its head every morning but gets it back at night?
A pillow.


What’s never used until it’s broken?
An egg.


I am something that is full of holes and yet can hold water. What am I?
A sponge.


What can be measured but has no length, width or thickness?
The temperature.


Teacher: Harry, I can hardly read your handwriting. You must learn to write more clearly.
Harry: What’s the use? If I wrote more clearly, you’d complain about my spelling.

Scramblish, Indish, Franglais, or English

Modern English is the most popular and the most widely used language in history. In addition to the almost 400 million who speak it as their mother tongue, over a billion use it as a second language. It has become the language of the world, in this swirling, confusing Babel; it is only natural that curious things occur. Words are broken, mangled, fractured, clobbered or just scrambled with words from other languages. If this does not fulfil the need or convey the exact meaning, words from around the world just sneak into English vocabulary. And the language continues to grow…
Here are some examples of once-upon-a-time foreign words which have now become a part of this living language:
Ab initio: from the beginning (Latin)
A bon marchee: cheap, a bargain (French)
Adieu: farewell, good-bye (French)
Agenda: things to be done (Latin)
Ahimsa: doctrine of non-violence (Hindi)
Aide-de-camp: field aide (French)
A la carte: according to the menu (French)
A la mode: as per the fashion (French)
Apartheid: South African policy of racial segregation (Dutch)
Arista: the best (Greek)
Bakshish: tip, money (Persian)
Bambino:baby, child (Italian)
Bathos: false pathos; an anti-climax (Greek)
Bolsheviki: Lenin-led Communists (Russian)
Bon vivant: one who likes to live well (French)
Cheetah: spotted leopard (Hindi)
Chou mein: Chinese noodles mixed with meat or vegetables (Chinese)
Chukar: red-legged Indian partridge (Hindi)
Communiqué: official statement or dispatch (French)
Coup d’ etat: a sudden seizure of government (French)
Coup de grace: death-blow (French)
Coup de main: sudden blow (French)
Czar: Russian emperor, autocrat (Russian)
De facto: in existence (Latin)
De jure: legally (French)
Esprit de corps: spirit of loyalty to one’s group (French)
Ex officio: by virtue of his office (Latin)
Fait accompli: things already done (French)
Faux pas: false step, blunder (French)
Fiasco: failure (Italian)
Garuda: fabulous, partly human bird of Indian myth (Hindi)
Guru: teacher (Hindi)
Hara-kiri: ceremonial suicide (Japanese)
Kabab: meat cooked/baked with spices, usually on skewer (Persian)
Kama: Hindu god of love (Hindi)
Khaki: dust coloured, dull brownish-yellow fabric of cotton or wool (Hindi)
Magnum opus: masterpiece (Latin)
Maladroit: awkward, tactless (French)
Malaria: illness transmitted by mosquito bite (Italian)
Manifesto: declaration (Italian)
Marina: settled and landscape seashore (Italian)
Matador: bullfighter who kills bull with sword (Spanish)
Prima facie: at first glance (Latin)
Pro bono publico: for public good (Latin)
Pro forma: as a matter of form (Latin)
Puissance: power (French)
Puree: thick cream soup (French)
Qui vive: on the alert (French)
Rapprochement: re-establishing of friendly relations (French)
Recto: on the right hand page (Latin)
Resume: summary (French)
Robot: automaton trained to do man’s work (Czech)
Roulette: gambling wheel (French)
Safari: hunting trip in Africa (Arabic)
Salaam: salutation, form of greeting (Arabic)
Samurai: Japanese feudal nobleman (Japanese)
Sangfroid: coolness in the face of danger (French)
Sans souci: carefree, free from worry (French)
Sayonara: goodbye (Japanese)
Table d’hote: regular menu, no choice (French)
Tutti-frutti: all fruits, mixed fruits (Italian)
Uno animo: with one mind (Latin)
Yoga: Hindu system of philosophic meditation and asceticism designed to effect reunion with the universal spirit (Hindi)
Vox populi: voice of the people (Latin)
Zeitgeist: spirit of the times (German)

Me or I…?

How Good is your English? Have you ever said me and then wondered if it shouldn’t have been I – or vice versa? Do you sometimes get a little confused about lay and lie or who and whom? Perhaps you are often a little less certain about the distinction, because you do not care about grammar. But grammar is simple. It is a way of talking about the relationship of words.
Three little words you often see
Are articles – A, An, and The.
A Noun’s the name of anything.
As School, or Garden: Hoop, or Swing.
Adjectives tell the kind of Noun,
As Great, Small, Pretty, White, or Brown.
Instead of Nouns the Pronouns stand –
He came in; She raised her hand.
Verbs tell of something being done –
To Read, Count, Laugh, Sing, Jump, or Run.
How things are done the Adverbs tell,
As Slowly, Quickly, Ill, or Well.
Conjunctions join the words together,
As men and women, wind or weather.
The Prepositions stand before
A Noun, as In or Through a door.
The Interjection shows surprice,
As Oh, how pretty! Ah, How wise!
The whole are called Nine parts of Speech,
Which reading, writing, speaking teach.

1st Online bits I B Tech: English

1. Aristotle was a : Greek Philosopher.
2. The moon moves in an elliptical orbit around the earth on account of : universal gravitation.
3. The book in which Aristotle maintained that the earth is round sphere instead of a plate is : On the Heavens
4. Nicholas Copernicus, a Polish Priest, proposed a simple model of the Solar System.
5. Aristotle’s arguments were considered to be good because : they were supported by facts.
6. Newton realized that, according to the theory of gravity, the stars should attract one another. The statement implies that : The stars could not remain motionless.
7. Which human yearning is justification enough for the continued search for a complete unified theory of the universe? : Desire for knowledge.
8. Until 1929, the two basic beliefs about the universe were : the universe was static and the origin was a theological question.
9. Edwin Hubble observed that wherever one looks, the distant galaxies are found to be moving away, which suggests that : the universe is expanding.
10. According to Karl Popper a good theory : could be disproved by observation.
11. According to Stephen Hawking, the ultimate goal of science is : to provide a unified theory of the whole universe.
12. Newton’s theory of gravity, states that the stars attract one another since : they cannot remain static.
13. The Copernicus theory was supported by : Kepler and Galileo.
14. Aristotle belonged to Greece.
15. According to Ptolemy the outermost sphere of the cosmos : carried fixed stars.
16. The death-blow to the Aristotelian-Ptolemaic theory came : when Galileo invented the telescope in 1609.
17. Sir Isaac Newton observed that the planets moved in : ellipses, not circles.
18. Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of the four elements, namely, earth, air, fire and water was nullified because : it did not make any definite predictions.
19. According to Stephen Hawking, man has discovered : a unified theory.
20. According to Stephen Hawking, a good theory must describe observations based on a model and make : definite predictions.
21. The major questions that were unanswered before Aristotle were related to : the nature of time and origin of the universe.
22. The basis on which Aristotle believed that the earth was spherical was that : the earth’s shadow on the earth was always round.
23. The model of the universe as proposed by Nicholas Copernicus was that : the sun was stationary at the centre with the earth and the other planets moving in circular orbits around the sun.
24. Aristotle observed that the eclipses of the moon were caused by : the earth coming between the sun and the moon.
25. Galileo’s observation through the telescope indicated that : the earth may not be at the centre of the universe.
26. According to Sir Isaac Newton’s law of universal gravitation : each body in the universe was attracted by every other body by a strong force.
27. The idea which Ptolemy elaborated into a complete cosmological model was that of : Aristotle
28. The major defect in the cosmological model as conceived by Ptolemy was : that the earth was static.
29. Edwin Hubble’s observation that the galaxies were fast moving away indicates that : the heavenly objects were very close to one another earlier.
30. Hubble’s Big Bang theory of time suggested that the universe was once : very small and very dense.


31. The Science of information feedback system is called : Cybernetics
32. The classic in Computer ethics written by Joseph Weizenbaum is : Computer Power and Human Reason.
33. A series of international conferences on computer ethics is known as : ETHICOMP
34. Down Parker created a code of ethics for the members of the : Association of Computer-aided government organizations.
35. Walter Maner defined computer ethics as a branch which studies ethical problems created by computer technology.
36. The Association for Computing Machinery was established in 1973, and created a code of ethics.
37. The year 1985 was a watershed year for computer ethics because : Deborah Johnson published the first major text book in the field, Computer Ethics.
38. The ‘second industrial revolution’ referred by Norbert Weiner is : the integration of computer technology into society.
39. According to Gorniak, as computers do not know boundaries, computer ethics leads to the : emergence of computer revolution.
40. The computer programme created to imitate a Rogerian psychotherapist engaged in an interview with a patient was : ELIZA
41. Norbert Wiener’s book on computer ethics entitled, The Human Use of Human Beings, was written in : 1950
42. The author who defined computer ethics as a branch that studies ethical problems created by computer technology was : Walter Maner
43. Deborah Johnson believed that : fundamental ethical theories would remain unaffected
44. Deborah Johnson believed that the computer revolution would lead to : a revolution in ethics
45. Norbert Weiner, Walter Maner and Krystyna Gorniak considered computer technology : ethically revolutionary
46. Computer ethics as a field of study was founded by Norbert Wiener while helping to develop an : anti-aircraft cannon
47. In 1940’s Norbert Wiener founded the new area of : applied ethics
48. The person who observed that computer revolution would not lead to a revolution in ethics was : Deborah Johnson
49. Some psychiatrists thought that the computer program, ELIZA created by Joseph Weizenbaum would provide : Automated psychotherapy
50. The editor of the journal, Metaphilosophy, was : Terrell Ward Bynum
51. The person who won the essay competition conducted by Terrell Ward Bynum to generate interest in computer ethics, was : James Moor
52. The title of the prize winning essay written by James Moor was : What is Computer Ethics?
53. The person who said that the computer ethic would bring in global ethic was : Krystyna Gorniak
54. The person who developed curriculum materials and a university course in computer ethics in 1979 was : Terrell Ward Bynum


55. Prof. Vikram Sarabhai is a man of : High optimism
56. Siva Temple made Rameswaram so sacred.
57. One of the significant developments that occurred during the subsequent work on RATO was : the release of a ten- year profile for space research in the country
58. Abdul Kalam was called Azad by : Ahmed Jallaluddin
59. Dr. Chitnis of the physical Research Laboratory had spotted Thumba as an equatorial Rocket Launchig Station because : it was very close to the earth’s magnetic equator
60. The collapse of Pamban Bridge was the main concern for Abdul Kalam’s father during the cyclone that struck the Rameswaram coast?
61. Abdul Kalam was sent to the Aircraft and Armament Testing Unit (A&ATU) at Kanpur to : design a model craft
62. The most cherished memory of Abdul Kalam at MIT : Prof. Sponder praising Abdul Kalam as his best student
63. The full form of NASA : National Aeronautics and Space Administration
64. Aeronautical Development Establishment is a t: Bangalore
65. The article that won the prize for Abdul Kalam in an essay writing competition : Let us make our own aircraft
66. St. Mary Magdalene Church housed the first office of the Thumba Space Centre.
67. Abdul Kalam took his first posting a t: DTD&P Air
68. ‘Bread baked without love is bitter bread that feeds out half a man’s hunger.’ Who made this statement? : Khalil Gibran
69. The incident that helped Abdul Kalam to pursue his studies at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT)? : Mortgage of gold bangles and chain by Zohra
70. What influenced Abdul Kalam to move away and study in Schwartz High School? Mahatma Gandhi’s declaration that “Indians would build their own India”.
71. The most popular newspaper in the early childhood of Abdul Kalam was : Dinamani
72. India’s first jet fog fighter, the HF 24 Marut was designed by : Dr. Kurt Tank
73. Who said the following and to whom ? “Going away is a part of growing up.” : Jainulabdeen to Abdul Kalam
74. The city of Delhi was named after a Sufisaint : Hazrat Nizamuddin
75. Abdul Kalam’s love for reading was encouraged by : STR Manickam
76. The seeds by selling which Abdul Kalam got his first earnings were : tamarind seeds
77. Abdul Kalam was born in the year :1931
78. Abdul Kalam’s father’s name was Jainulabdeen and mother’s name was Ashiamma.
79. Abdul Kalam’s sister’s name was Zohara and brother-in-law was Jallaluddin.
80. Rameswaram was a part of the state of : Madras.
81. The creativity that Abdul Kalam, displayed in his life was due to the inspiration provided by Jallaluddin and: Samsuddin
82. The man who said to Abdul Kalam, “With faith, one can change one’s destiny”. Was: Iyadurai Solomon
83. The language in which Jainulabdeen was able to express complex spiritual concepts was : Tamil
84. When World II started in 1939, Abdul Kalam’s mother and grandmother told him were from the Ramayan and : The life of Prophet muhammud
85. A sail boat was launched by Jainulabdeen to carry pilgrims from Rameswaram to Dhanuskodi
86. The Nandi project was abandoned because of the change of : the central government.
87. The real journey of the Indian space programme began with : The Rohini Sounding Rocket programme
88. The painting that aroused the curiosity of Abdul Kalam at NASA about the development of Rockets in India was : the painting of the army of Tipu Sultan fighting the British East India Company
89. The full form of GEM is : Ground Equipment Machine
90. The objective of project Nandi was to develop : a practical hovercraft for battlefield applications
91. The purpose of Abdul Kalam’s first visit to NASA was to : to attend a six-month training programme in sounding rocket launching technologies
92. The rebirth of rocketry in India was due to the technological vision of : Jawaharlal Nehru
93. The first two Indian rockets launched from Thumba were : Rohini and Menaka
94. The first Rohini-75 rocket was launched from TERLS on : 20 November 1967
95. In his approach Prof Vikram Sarabhai was rather : unorthodox
96. Prof Vikram Sarabhai was running the country’s space research establishment : understaffed and overworked
97. In Abdul Kalam’s view Prof Sarabhai was : an innovator
98. Prof Vikram Sarabhai believed in : an open and free exchange of views
99. Prof Vikram Sarabhai felt that without collective understanding of a problem : effective leadership was impossible
100. The Indian Air Force was in dire need of RATO motors for use in : S-22 and HF-24 aircraft
101. India’s first rocket launch took place on : 21 November 1963
102. India’s first sounding rocket made at NASA and launched at Thumba was Nike- Apache
103. The development of Indian rockets in the twentieth century can be seen as a revival of the eighteenth century vision of : Tipu Sultan
104. Prof. Vikram Sarabhai took a series of decisions which later became : the life-mission of many scientists in India
105. The scientist who selected Thumba in Kerala as India’s Rocket Launching Station was : Dr. Chitinis of the Physical Research Laboratory



ANTONYMS
1. Frugal : Extravagant
2. Commit : Release
3. Approach : Disappear
4. Accidental : Intentional
5. Equilibrium : Imbalance
6. Convince : Compel
7. Superior : Inferior
8. Ridiculous : Reasonable

SYNONYMS
1. Arbitrary : Independent
2. Static : Stationary
3. Reverence : Respect
4. Fascinating : Enchanting
5. Integrity : Unity
6. Intuition : foreknowledge
7. Infinitesimal : Infinitely small
8. Pitfall : Downfall
9. Revoke : cancel

Choose the word that does not belong to the group.
1. Regime, Procedure, Business, Method : Business
2. Theology, Hypothesis, Thesis, Gravity : Thesis
3. Economy, Per capita income, Wealth, University : University
4. Novel, Book, Innovative, Original : Book
5. Scientist, Astronomer, Engineer, Theology : Theology


Identify the error
1. An engineer is a professional which puts scientific knowledge to practical use. : which
2. The earliest form of artificial lightening was fire, which also provided warm and protection. : warm
3. We don’t deserve the punishment: neither my friend nor I are to blame for the incident. : are
4. Mark is one of those who has not understood the problem. : has
5. Hardly he had entered the classroom when he realized that he had forgotten to bring the duster. : he had
6. One of the several problems is to convince the Management about the need to take immediate steps. : about


ACCENT MARK

1. En’thusiasm
2. Im’provement
3. Compe’tition
4. In’digenous
5. Inte’llectual
6. Cap’ability
7. Im’provement
8. En’deavours


Spelling

1. Ultimately
2. Dilemma
3. Perspective
4. Receive
5. Convinced
6. Rudimentary
7. Integration
8. Philosopher
9. curriculum
10. convinced
11. Challenge
12. Engineer


Preposition & Article

1. My father has great hope for my future.
2. Johnson’s hypothesis, in reality, is essentially the opposite of Gorniak’s.
3. The planets were made to orbit the Sun.
4. The earth stood at the center.
5. Where did the universe come from?
6. Universe is governed by definite laws.
7. Each body in the universe is attracted towards every other body by a force.
8. Infinite number of stars were distributed over a finite region of space.


PREFIX

1. Heard : Unheard
2. Appear : Disappear
3. Adequate : Inadequate
4. Repairable : Irreparable
5. Affected : Unaffected
6. Significant : Insignificant

One Word Substitute

1. Oral examination of applicant : Interview
2. Describe or explain by experiment : Demonstration
3. About to happen : Imminent
4. Order to appear : Summon
5. ‘To have a complete commitment and dedication’ : Heart and Soul
6. Preserve in memory by celebration or ceremony : Commemorate
7. Difficult to classify : Multiplex
8. One who flies a spacecraft : Astronaut
9. Utter confusion : Chaotic

Idiom Phrase

1. ‘to raise and educate’ : bring up
2. ‘fail or collapse’ : breakdown
3. ‘persuade or convince to take part’ : to rope in
4. ‘to have a complete commitment and dedication’ : heart and soul
5. ‘major advance in knowledge’ : break through
6. ‘work continuously for a longer time’ : work around the clock









Meaning for the prefix

1. Pre : before
2. Ultra : beyond
3. Fore : before
4. Multi : many
5. Tetra : four
6. Uni : one
7. Pre : before
8. Post : after
9. Auto : self
10. Hypo : below normal
11. Proto : first
12. Amphi : both
13. Anti : against
14. Aero : air
15. Sub : under
16. Metro : chief
17. Equi : same

Active to Passive and Passive to Active

I.....................me
We..................us
He...................him
She..................her
They................them

Use of "Be" forms in Passive voice

"Be" forms:- am, is, was, were, be, being, been.
Simple present...................................am, is, are
Simple past..........................................was, were
Simple future........................................be
Present continuous...............................being
Past continuous......................................being
Present perfect.......................................been
Past perfect..............................................been
Future perfect..........................................been

1^st B Tech ENGLISH 3rd ONLINE EXAM BITS

1) Who served as scientific advisor as given in “A New Job and a Wedding”, from Wings

Of Fire?

A) Prof.Raja Ramanna.

2) How much money did Joe spread on the table in the story, “A Service of Love”?

A) Eighteen dollars

3) Gen Pinkey is a widower in the story “A Service of Love”.

4) How many candidates were selected in NASA?

A) 19

5) Who celebrated the awards for the missile programme with the maiden flight of Nag missile?

A) N.R. Iyer

6) After completing her master programme Kalpana Chawla moved to Colorodo.

7) Name of the defense minister who had come to ITR to witness.

A) K.C.Pant

8) What is the philosophy behind IGMDP?

A) Began in design and ended in development.

9) Honorary degree of doctorate on Dr.Kalam.

A) University of Chicago

10) Dr.Kalam entrusted work at DRDL Ans: performance evaluation

11) Group of activity

A) Technology

12) Dance that Kalpana Chawla learnt at San Hose.

A) Bharatnatyam

13) How many candidates were selected in NASA?

A) 19

14) Kalpana Chawla was given Vice Principal and Research Scientist with Silicon Valley in the year 1993.

15) What was Delia expected to master?

A) Piano

16) Mention the important managerial tactic in the programme, from the lesson “Making our own Missiles”.

A) Rapid and Pro-active follow up

17) Abbreviation for MES – Military Engineering Services

18) Name the cartoonist who portrayed a shopkeeper as returning a product to a salesman saying that like Agni, it would not take off.

A) Sudhir Dar

19) Who was the director of SHAR in the chapter “Earth to fire, Prithvi to Agni” in Wings of Fire?

A) Mr. M R Kurup

20) How many scientists at DRDL and RCI gathered to discuss the issue of allied forces? A) 500

21) How many saplings were needed to be planted at RCI according to Abdul Kalam?

A) 1, 00,000

22) How did people view the job of report writing in the chapter “About Motivation and Working Well”.

A) Uncharitable

23) What was Delia Carather’s profession?

A) Singer

24) How did Dr Kalam feel when he saw T.N.Seshan on the review board?

A) Pleasant

25) By what name was Kalpana Chawala fondly called at home?

A) Montu

26) Kalpana Chawla completed her pre-degree in the college

A) Dayal Singh College

27) When was Dr Kalam sworn in as the president of India?

A) 25^th July 2002

28) Which project leader belongs to the EME crops of the Indian Army?

A) Col. V.J.Sundaram.

29) In which year did India not have adequate technology?

A) 1983

30) What topics did people discuss in coffee houses and tea shops in the chapter “Fire of Success”?

A) Scuds and Patriots

31) How many kilograms of warhead can the Prithvi missile carry?

A) 1000 Kg

32) Who served as the scientific advisor to the defence minister and as head of the Defence Research Organisation?

A) Dr. Abdul Kalam

33) Of which programme did Dr Arunachalam conduct a comprehensive status review? A) IGMDP

34) Which University conferred an honorary degree of doctorate on Dr Kalam?

A) Anna University

35) Rossenstock’s profession in the story “Service of Love” is

A) Musician.

36) Who was the leader that emphasized on grass roots technology and put the customer at the centre of the entire business activity in the chapter “Looked Ahead” in Wings of Fire?

A) Mahatma Gandhi

37) What was the vision that Dr Kalam formulated as the chairman of TIFAC?

Vision 2020

38) Abbrevation of LAC

A) Light Combat Aircraft

39) Which area is not based on individual intelligence, but on the interacting intelligence of many?

A) Technology

40) What was Joe Larrabee’s age when he drew a picture of lawn pump?

A) 6 years

41) Name the News paper to which Kalpana Chawla spoke before the launch of the Columbia in the year 2003.

A) India Today

42) What was the ranking position of India in the world when SLV-3 was launched?

A) 5th

43) Name the person who was conferred the Padma Vibhushan along with Dr.Abdul Kalam in the chapter “The Fire of Success.

A) Dr.Arunachlam

44) Which project did Dr.Kalam often deal with nervously because with it progress was not immediately visible?

A) SLV-3

45) Who was India’s first woman astronaut to go into space?

A) Kalpana Chawla

46) Abbreviation of TIFAG – Technology Information Forecasting & Assesment Game

47) Name the person on the review board who was an old acquaintance of Dr.Kalam in “Making our own Missiles”.

A) T N Seshan

48) Identify the number of aspiring astronauts chosen from a total of 2962 applicants.

A) 122

49) When was Kalpana Chawla given the chance to pursue her dream?

A) Nov 1997

50) Which country tested its nuclear devises in retaliation to the Indian tests?

A) Pakistan

51) What time did Joe leave every morning?

A) 7.00 am

52) In which university did Dr.Kalam take over as Professor of technology and societal transformation after retirement?

A) Anna University at Chennai

53) In which area were the four bright young scientists working at HSC in the chapter “An Infusion of Young Blood”?

A) Fluid dynamics

54) Which was concluded with the victory of the technologically superior allied forces?

A) Gulf War

55) What did Joe do in the story?

A) Working the engine in laundary

56) What did Delia do?

A) Ironing Shirts

57)Where is the Punjab Engineering College located?

A) Chandigarh

58) In collaboration with which department were the Pokran-II nuclear tests conducted?

A) Atomic Energy

59) Name the Chinese War Philosopher who said over 2000 years ago ,

A) Suntzu

60) From how many academic institutions & laboratories were partners taken for IGMDP?

A) 12 institutions & 30 laboratories

61) What did Clementina eat after her lesson ?

A) A welsh rabbit

62) What did Mrs. Gandhi give to scientific research ?

A) Impetus

63) The person who spent many hours with Kalam

A) Prof.Satish Dhavan

64) When was the missile Agni launched?

A) 20 April 1989

65) The place of the man who bought the painting is

A) Peoria

66) Which project leader belongs to EME Corps of the Indian army?

A) col. V J Sundaram

67) Who taught Kalpana Chawla never to give up anything she believed in?

A) Sanjyothi

68) How many crew members were on board the Columbia Shttle-87?

A) 6

69) In which year did Kalpana Chawla complete her Ph.D?

A) 1988

70) What created a very productive work culture at DRDL from the chapter “An Infusion of Young Blood”?

A) Positive dependence between youth and experience.

71) What kind of work was Dr.Kalam entrusted with at DRDL?

A) Knowledge evaluation

72) What happened in the young scientific environment, in the chapter “An Infusion of Young Blood”?

A) Negative attitude changed to positive

73) Who was the Director of SHAR in the chapter “Earth to Fire, Prithvi to Agni”?

A) Mr.Kurup

74) Name the director and creator of VSSC from the lesson “Making of Our Missiles”.

A) Prof.Sarabhai & Dr.Brahma Prakash

75) Abbreviation of VIP is Very Important Person

76) What fact did the magistrate praise in the drawing made in the part as seen in the story “Service of Love”?

A) Sky

77) What kind of picture did Joe draw?

A) A picture of the town pump with an important citizen passing in a hurry.

78) In which year was the foundation stone laid for Research Centre, Imarat<>

A) 3^rd August 1985

79) Identify the number of nations out of 191 that had not signed the nuclear non-proliferation treaty.

A) Four

80) The measurement of centre table in the story “A Service of Love”. A) 8x10 inches

81) What characteristic of Dr.Brahm Prakash helped Dr.Kalam control his aggressive approach ?

A) Humility

82) Mention the important managerial tactic in the programme, from the lesson “Making our own Missiles”.

A) Rapid & Pro-active follow up

83) In which year was Kalpana Chawla given a job as Vice President & Research Scientist with Overset Methods Inc, in the Silicon Valley?

A) 1993

84) Who was associated when Kalam with his team was working on the action plan for 14MDP?

A) Indira Gandhi

85) The person who enjoys calling Dr.Kalam by the number of letters & words in Kalam’s name.

A) T N Seshan

86) How many scientists worked in Agni Missile team?

A) More than 500

87) What did Dr.Kalam bless his brother’s daughter with?

A) Father’s love

88) What were rolled up in the lesson, “An Infusion of Young Blood”?

A) PERT Charts

89) How many scientists gathered to discuss the issue of allied forces at DRDL & RCI? A) 500

90) What was the branch that the principal and the teachers at PEC tried to persuade Kalpana Chawla to change?

A) Aeronautical Engineering

91) Who were the parents of Kalpana Chawla?

A) Banarasi lal Chawla & Sanjyoti

92) From which place did Joe Larrabie come?

A) Middle West

93) What did Clementina eat after her lesson?

A) A welsh rabbit

94) When did Delia and Clementina have welsh rabbit?

A) 5.00 pm

95) The young graduates working on Prithvi were from the University of

A) Jadavpur

96) To a university of which country did Kalpana Chawla plan to sponser a student?

A) South Africa

97) Which university did Kalpana Chawla finally decide to attend for continuing her studies?

A) University of Texas at Arlington

98) Who was assassinated when Dr.Kalam with his team was working on the action plan for IGMD?

A) Mrs.Indira Gandhi

99) What is the estimated expenditure for IGMDP for a period of over 12 years as given in “A New Job and a Wedding”? A) 390cr

100) How did Dr.Kalam shape the country in the area of protected technologies?

A) Self-reliant

101) Abbreviation of MES – Military Engineering Service

102)

Shaik Shaheen Taj

MA., MPhil., (PhD).,

Asst.Prof.in English, NIST.

staj2007@rediffmail.com

shaikshahan@yahoo.com

taj.mam@gmail.com

Communication Skills

Meaning of Communication: Redfield defines, “Communication is the broad field of human interchange of facts and opinions”. Communication stems from the desire to express oneself. Communication is the process by which meanings, facts, ideas, opinions or emotions are exchanged with other people. The word ‘communicate’ is derived from the Latin word ‘Communicare’ which means to ‘share’ or ‘participate’. Through speech or writing or exchange of common set of symbols information is shared. Communication is first and foremost, a social activity. Man as a social animal has to communicate, hence communication is important to every human being. Communication is the ‘modus operandi’ of social and commercial intercourse. It is the lifeblood of any group or organization. Communication connects individuals and business entities. It is through communication that the information, ideas, attitudes or emotions in business and work situation exchanged from person to person and from group to group. As Sir John Harvey-Jones says, communication is the single most essential skill.

Evolution of Communication: The art of communication has passed through a fascinating journey spread across many centuries and civilizations. Much before they learnt to speak, human beings had learnt to express themselves through sounds, gestures and actions. Later they learnt to use symbols and pictures to convey messages. Early writings were on leaves and stones. The invention of printing revolutionized the process of communication. Finally the emergence of new media added new dimensions to the world of communication.

Objectives of Communication: Communication has many objectives depending upon the group and context. It is goal-oriented. The dominant objective of communication is, to inform, to educate, to train, to motivate, to integrate, to promote, to entertain and to facilitate decision-making. The activities of any organization require both people within and people outside to act, interact, reach share, exchange and get across to each other so that specific objectives are accomplished in an effective manner.

The first and foremost objective of any communication is to inform. This objective covers a wide range of areas, both internal and external. Another objective of communication in an organization is to educate. This is done through product literature, publicity, presentations and demonstrations. To achieve proficiency in specific skills business organizations train the people. Training sessions involve teaching, instruction, demonstration, practice and discussion. To pursue goals and to achieve higher levels of performance people in business organization are motivated. Talks, lectures, films, meetings, workshops and non-verbal messages are the means to motivate people. Communication provides the means for an integrated approach in pursuing organizational goals. Communication binds people working for a common objective and helps team-building. The success of any business organization depends upon good business relationships. Communication provides the means for building and nurturing mutually beneficial relationships. Promotion is a must for any organization to fully achieve its objectives. Communication constitutes the basic plank on which promotional strategies are built. Communication facilitates entertainment. It facilitates social bond and brings in lighter moments that help in releasing tension and getting rid of negative feeling. Decision making constitutes an important function for any business organization. Communication both oral and written facilitates decision-making in any business organization.

Process of Communication

Communication is a process involving stimulus and response. It flows through six distinct steps. It is not complete till the message sent by the sender is properly understood by the receiver. Feedback is an important aspect of communication, especially in the organizational context. The communication process involves three elements – Sender, Receiver and the Message. The process of communication begins with a sender, the person who transmits a message. First of all the message is initiated. Sender picks up the idea and encodes it for proper understanding. The encoded message is then transmitted through the chosen medium or channel. Receiver receives the message and decodes it. The decoded message is used or acted upon. As a final step, feedback on use or action is sent back to the sender.

Thus the starting point of any communication is the existence of a message. The process of communication starts with a purpose. The sender gives shape to the idea he wants to communicate. The next step is the encoding of the idea. It involves choosing the right words, expressions, phrases, charts and pictures in order to facilitate complete and clear expression of the idea. The encoded message is now ready to travel, the sender has to select the medium or the communication channel – Oral, Written, Visual, Audio-Visual, Electronic or a combination of any of these. The choice of channel or medium (written or oral) is influenced by inter relationships between the sender and the receiver; it also depends upon the urgency of the message. If message requires an immediate answer, an oral channel is better and if the message contains complicated details and figures or if its subject requires filing for future, a written communication is necessary. The transmission is complete when the message reaches the receiver. If the receiver does not respond to the message, the idea fails to reach its destination. If the receiver decodes the message and accepts it, then the sender’s efforts are fulfilled. The quality of feedback

MOM'S LOVE

MOM’S LOVE

When you were

1 year old, she fed you and bathed you.

You thanked her by crying all night longer…

2 years old she taught you to walk.

You thanked her by running away when she called…

3 years old, she made all your meals with love.

You thanked her by tossing your plate on the floor…

5 years old, she dressed you for the holidays.

You thanked her by plopping into the nearest mud pool…

18 years old, she cried at your high school graduation.

You thanked her by staying out partying until dawn…

25 years old, she arranged for your wedding.

You thanked her by moving away from her…

30 years old, she called you with some advice on the baby.

You thanked her by telling her, “Things are different now”…

50 years old she fell ill and needed you to take care of her.

You thanked her by reading about the burden parents become to their children.

Always remember her unconditional love and never forget to love her

Because you have only one mother in your lifetime!!!

Important tips for students

1. Students normally consider anger, laziness, sensitiveness, fear, tension, inferiority complex, insecurity about future, failure to speak in public, lack of attention and memory as their problems. These are not at all problems but only weaknesses which can be fought upon.
2. Daydreaming is the barrier of learning. Lack of concentration is due to lack of interest in studies or more interest in other things. Conquer your unwanted desires that take your time. Don’t discuss your next day’s interesting programs like going to cinema or picnic, just before starting your studies. This leads to daydreaming distracting your concentration. Fight this barrier. Avoid gossip, arguments, phone conversations and long discussions during your study hours.
3. Planning your timetable is very essential. Decide how much time you are going to spend for your entertainment and how much for your studies. Time Management is very important. So plan to work according to your time table. Request your parents not to invite guests during your study hours. See that your friends should not ring up at your study hours.
4. Pay equal importance to all subjects. Don’t ignore any subject. If you do so at the time of examination you will find that particular subject difficult and tough. Don’t sit at the nick of the moment preparing for the examination. Don’t be over-confident. Plan to prepare for examinations from the beginning of the academic year. This helps you to avoid tension when the examination date advances. Doing this you can maintain good health avoiding late night outs.
5. Understand the subject matter. Discuss with friends or with your teachers to clarify your doubts if any. Develop the habit of condensing and expanding the subject. Note down important points using key words and learn to expand the words when required.
6. Try to follow your time table regularly without fail. You can give extra time for the subjects you feel tougher by giving extra time for that particular subject on holidays.
7. Fix particular place for study. Avoid study in your bedroom or in kitchen. Spend time in libraries and try to study alone. Combined study may promote unnecessary gossips.
8. If you feel bored of continuous study relax for a while. But don’t sit in front of the Television. Just go out, breath in fresh air and come back to your studies. Never watch late night movies.
9. Develop the habit of reading text books. Note down the important points. You will not have time to read bulky text at the time of the examination so prior reading and noting down of important points helps you a lot during examination.
10. Don’t read continuously without rest. Take ten minutes break in-between every one hour of your reading. Go to your balcony or in open space, close your eyes and feel the fresh air. During the ten minutes break, try to recollect what you have studied during the previous two hours, closing your eyes.
11. Avoid oily foods and snacks in breakfast as these things make you lazy. Avoiding such food you can be alert throughout the day. Avoid heavy meal. After dinner, walk for ten minutes silently and then continue your studies.
12. Drink as much water as you can while studying so that you feel fresh. For every of your study have a glass of buttermilk or fresh fruit juice. Smell mint before preparing for study. It increases your attentiveness.
13. After completing one subject give a gap of five minutes and then go for next subject. Discuss your subject with your friends and parents so that you remember the things very well. Cultivate the habit of reading daily without break. If you wish to watch television or if you feel like talking with your friends complete prior to your studies. Avoid doing such things in-between or after your studies as it disturbs your mind.
14. Avoid last minute preparation for any left out subject matter. It creates unnecessary tension.
15. Avoid oily foods, cool drinks, sweets a month before examination.
16. Usually students get nervous at the time of examination. But nervousness makes you forget things. Your memory weakens. So stay relaxed and confident before staring to write your examination.
17. Divide your time equally for all the questions. Before answering the question paper read it atleast twice. Don’t waste your time on one answer. Don’t write beyond the requirement. See that though the answers are brief they cover entire points.
18. Avoid falling in love at your age. It is quite common but with a little effort, you can avoid such things. There is lot of life further for a better choice. Self control is very essential to develop concentration and to build a bright future.

Perform your duty

Whole-heartedly

Thy not expect the result

Enjoy the work

Just by doing it

And the result is a bonus.

WISH YOU A BRIGHT FUTURE

MIND POWER

Hello friends, This article is useful to all the youngsters aspiring for bright careers. Ability is God's gift. God has distributed it equally to all. But alas many don't use it in a proper way. My request to you is to use your brain and develop ypur Mind power which is very essentail for a successful career.First point to be remembered is that to do any work concentration is very important.Suppose you want to burn a piece of paper using a lens, what will you do? you will definetely make the sunrays fall on the paper witout allowing the rays to distract.Similarly if you want to learn something, you should be very attentive. You have to focus your mind on that particular topic without causing any distraction to your mind.

Many youngsters face difficulty in focussing their mind on one thing.They may be running after wordly pleasures like gambling,drinking,drugs,illegal websites,etc. Orelse they may be more interested in sports,cinemas,serials, so on and so forth. If this habit continues for a long time they become aimless. Time once lost cannot be regained.So friends, whatever you want to achieve you resolve very strongly and run after it. Then only you will be sucessful in your life.

All of us have will power.But very few people have control over it. Your will power will become weak if you become the victim of temptations.So you have to gather stamina of mind and develop your mind power. Mind power is achieved only through concentration. Mind should be solely focussed on yopur aim. You should be knowing that nothing is impossible for yoy."You can if you think you can." So be attentive, focus your mind on your work,make your own time table,avoid distractions and definitely you will get transformed. Fix the time to meet your friends, to play, to watch movies then there will never be the distraction of your mind.

Few people say that they are intested in reading romantic novels, in watching cricket match, in chating with their friends and in watching their favourite hero's action movies. They complain that they have no interest in studies. They can't learn anything.Why does this happen? Only because of lack of interest. Nothing is impossible for human beings.When your friends can do it why can't you? God has equally given ability, intelligency and creativity to all. Utilize your intelligency in a proper way definitely you will come out in flying colours.

You can't learn anything if you are scared. You very well know that communication skills are essential to get good jobs. If you are afraid to communicate how will you develop your skills. Once you gain confidence and interest to learn then definitely you can do it. Be positive, be bold and never feel inferior to anyone. So my dear youngsters whenever you want to learn something, avoid distractions. You see that the place you select to read or write should be free of distractions. You can't sit in front of a television and learn things. Your mind involuntarily gets distracted and loses the focus on one point. So avoid distractions , prepare a regular time table, concentrate on the subject, and see the miracle. You will definitely be transformed. You will become sucessful man and will definitely achieve you aim. So friends remember to avoid three Ds in life; diversion, digression and distraction.

...................BEST OF LUCK..................

Relationship between English Language and Culture

Language has evolved as a cultural system of agreements in which words represent certain symbols or thoughts. Learning these agreements is part of learning the language. Language is created by people and it does not exist in isolation. Every symbol is attached to a particular thought or thing. There is a very close relationship between language and culture. The social rules for speaking can be different in each culture. In order to be able to communicate successfully it is necessary to understand the cultural context in which the language is used. This paper discusses the importance of English as a second language in India. To understand and follow the language one has to understand its culture well. It is hard to understand the beliefs, attitudes, values and world view of people without understanding their language.

English is a world language spoken and written by a vast majority of people around the world. It is handy and essential as it is the Lingua Franca in most of the developed countries and the fast developing countries like India. Hence, apart from discussing all these issues, my paper concludes proving that English language is important in gaining global knowledge. It is very essential to give importance to teaching English, moreover it proves that we cannot think of a language without its culture.

IMMORTAL QUOTATION

The ink of the Scholar is more holy than the blood of the martyr. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)