WATER: THE ELIXIR OF LIFE
Why water is considered the true elixir of life? Or Write about the constructive and destructive purpose of water.
Prof. C.V.Raman, one of the greatest Indian scientists, has tried to bring about the importance of water. Water has a unique power of maintaining animal and plant life. Water is the commonest of all liquids. Without water the land will be barren like the deserts in Egypt. Egypt is made by its river Nile. On one side of Egypt we see sand and on the other side, densely populated area separated by the river Nile. Water is a wonderful thing on earth. At the country side water is the most beautiful site. The rainfed tanks play a vital role n couth Indian agriculture. But these tanks are often neglected. Some of them are large and it is beautiful to see sunrise and sunset in them.
The flow of water plays a great part on the earth’s surface. Water carries silt and finely divided soil and deposits in low lying areas, which even carries large amounts of solid particles. Silt deposited land is very fertile. The same water plays destructive part as it washes away the soil, which is the foundation of all agriculture. The problem of soil erosion is one of the major problems. Soil erosion occurs in successive steps. In the beginning, it may go unnoticed. But in the later stages, the cutting up and the washing away of earth is clear. Sudden burst of heavy rain causes soil erosion. The slope of the land also causes soil erosion which calls for urgent attention and preventive action. The terracing of the land, construction of bunds is essential to check the flow of water. The practice of contour cultivation and planting of appropriate plants are some of the measures suggested to prevent soil erosion.
Water is essential for the animal body while moisture in soil is equally important for life and growth of plants. Much of Indian agriculture depends on monsoon. Thus the collection of rail water and utilization of it is very important. Vast area of land, which at present has scrub jungle, could be turned into dense forest. The problem of aforestation is closely connected with conservation of water supplies. The planting of trees in every possible way and the development of forest is the most urgent need of India; such plantation would check soil erosion and provide cheap fuel. The conservation of water also serves a purpose of value to the life of country side. The cheapest means of transport is by boats and barges. There is development of rail, road transport but a few measures are taken to improve waterways. Harvesting of water supplies develops hydro-electric power.
Thus water plays a vital role in both animal and plant life and we should pay the highest interest in its proper utilization.
REACHING FOR THE STARS
Kalpana Chawla was a rare combination of brilliant mind and an intensely humane spirit discuss.
Kalpana was the youngest of four children. She was born on 1st of July, 1961. She grew up in Karnal which was full of social restrictions, but her father Banarasi Lal Chawla gave importance to educate all children equally. Kalpana was a shy but cheerful girl with boundless energy and a strong inclination for adventure. She impressed everyone with her determination and commitment to work. She was fun loving and she organized picnic with her friends. She learnt to drive a car when she was only 14. She was fascinated by aircraft and making aircrafts. Moreover she loved to watch endless dark sky scattered with twinkling stars. Kalpana had an impressive academic record. She wanted to be a flight engineer and hence she opted for Aeronautical Engineering in Punjab Engineering college in Chandigarh. She was the only girl out of total eight students in class. She was very enthusiast and pleasant and unassuming who spent most time in library and laboratory. Whenever she had to make a choice she selected most challenging one. Kalpana decided to join the University of Texas of Arlington and continue her studies in USA. In Arlington, Kalpana plunged into the tightly packed routine of American M.S.Program.
In December 1993, Kalpana married French American Jean Pierre Harrison. After completing her Masters Programme, Kalpana moved with her husband to Colorado, where she completed her PhD programme. In 1998, Kalpana joined to NASA, AMES research centre in California. She applied even to NASA Space Centre , to become an astronaut. In 1993, she was given a job as Vice President and Research Scientist with Overset Methods Inc., in the Silicon Valley. She was put incharge of developing and implementing techniques for Aerodynamic optimisation.
Kalpana finally attended an interview and medical evaluation to become an astronaut. She was chosen from total of 2,962 applicants, she had worked hard for the interview. She became a pride to her nation and family. In Houston, she spent months in high fidelity simulators and under zero gravity conditions. In November 1997 her dream of becoming an astronaut was fulfilled. She was one of the six crew members onboard the Columbia Shuttle STS-87 assigned the job of prime robotic arm operator. She was the mission specialist, she had to monitor experiment conducted onboard and perform extra vehicular activity.
Kalpana realised in space that our planet is really very small part of the universe. She loved nature and as a nature enthusiast, she wanted everyone to take care of their habitat. Kalpana always remembers her friends and associates. She believed in lasting relationships inspite of her hectic schedule at NASA and the pressures of life. She helped her people in different times of her life. She arranged a programme allowing two students from her school to visit NASA every year.
Before her last journey she planned to sponsor a young student to a University in South Africa. Kalpana was once again selected as crew member for STS-107 launch. The purpose of sixteen day mission was to conduct research on micro gravity. It was a perfect launch and the members carried out their assigned work. Kalpana conducted a lot of experiments. She even heard her favourite music on CD.
On February 2003, Colombia was ready to re-enter the earth’s atmosphere. Kalpana’s family and friends were waiting at Cape Canaveral. But all of a sudden all communication within Colombia snapped when it was at a height of 207,135 feet in sky, the Colombia burst leaving no survivor
Kalpana was truly remarkable woman with a rare combination of brilliant mind and intensely humane spirit. She will remain a part of the world’s heritage for the extraordinary will power and daring that she showed in her attempt to reach the stars.
Wednesday, January 27, 2010
Friday, January 22, 2010
The Gold Grame
The Gold Frame
R.K. Laxman’s ‘The Gold Frame’ depicts the humour and irony which climaxes towards the end of the story. It is a fine story of the frame maker, Datta. Two excellent characters of this story are the experienced frame maker Datta and his naïve customer. R.K.Laxman brings out the vulnerability of the Indian middle class. Both Datta and his customer belong to middle class. The hypocrisy and false prestige typical of middle class are well exposed in this short story. In this story Datta deals successfully with a seemingly impossible situation while his customer complaints against the inessential.
Datta, the owner of the Modern Frame Work shop is a silent, hard working man who gave only laconic answers. He avoided casual friends with idle gossip. He had a concave figure silver rimmed glasses and a complexion of seasoned timber. He is fitted into his shop with the harmony of a fixture. He has great experience in dealing with his customers whom he has carefully studied over the years.
Once, a customer comes to Datta to get an old photograph framed in the best frame. The customer has great devotion towards the old gentleman. His respect and admiration for the old man makes one to believe that the old man makes one to believe that the old man is an ideal human being and the customer still has great respect to such humanity. The customer is a confused man. He has no will of his own. Datta helps him to choose the frame for the photograph. The customer behaves as if getting the photograph framed is his life’s mission. He even likes to pay the price. He goes away after the price and the date are settled.
Datta starts the given work only if his customers visit him once before the due date. The customer returns to collect the frame earlier than the promised date. This visit of the customer sets Datta in action. He earnestly begins his work. But unfortunately, Datta spills a tin of white enamel on the sacred photograph. He is greatly shocked and stands still. His imagination runs wild in distress. He worries about his own dear self and about his fragile inflammable shop.
Datta, however, traces another similar photograph to replace the spoiled one. He fumbles even while doing so and frames the photograph in a square frame instead of an oval frame. This ofcourse, becomes his savior.
R.K.Laxman very clearly depicts the customer as a fool. He agrees upon the price even though he feels it very high. Actually his veneration for the person in the photograph is only dubious. Because, in the end the customer is worrying about the frame but not about the old man. Datta worrying about his customer’s detecting the fake photograph and the customer worrying about the wrong frame is the greatest irony in this humorous story The Gold Frame.
R.K. Laxman’s ‘The Gold Frame’ depicts the humour and irony which climaxes towards the end of the story. It is a fine story of the frame maker, Datta. Two excellent characters of this story are the experienced frame maker Datta and his naïve customer. R.K.Laxman brings out the vulnerability of the Indian middle class. Both Datta and his customer belong to middle class. The hypocrisy and false prestige typical of middle class are well exposed in this short story. In this story Datta deals successfully with a seemingly impossible situation while his customer complaints against the inessential.
Datta, the owner of the Modern Frame Work shop is a silent, hard working man who gave only laconic answers. He avoided casual friends with idle gossip. He had a concave figure silver rimmed glasses and a complexion of seasoned timber. He is fitted into his shop with the harmony of a fixture. He has great experience in dealing with his customers whom he has carefully studied over the years.
Once, a customer comes to Datta to get an old photograph framed in the best frame. The customer has great devotion towards the old gentleman. His respect and admiration for the old man makes one to believe that the old man makes one to believe that the old man is an ideal human being and the customer still has great respect to such humanity. The customer is a confused man. He has no will of his own. Datta helps him to choose the frame for the photograph. The customer behaves as if getting the photograph framed is his life’s mission. He even likes to pay the price. He goes away after the price and the date are settled.
Datta starts the given work only if his customers visit him once before the due date. The customer returns to collect the frame earlier than the promised date. This visit of the customer sets Datta in action. He earnestly begins his work. But unfortunately, Datta spills a tin of white enamel on the sacred photograph. He is greatly shocked and stands still. His imagination runs wild in distress. He worries about his own dear self and about his fragile inflammable shop.
Datta, however, traces another similar photograph to replace the spoiled one. He fumbles even while doing so and frames the photograph in a square frame instead of an oval frame. This ofcourse, becomes his savior.
R.K.Laxman very clearly depicts the customer as a fool. He agrees upon the price even though he feels it very high. Actually his veneration for the person in the photograph is only dubious. Because, in the end the customer is worrying about the frame but not about the old man. Datta worrying about his customer’s detecting the fake photograph and the customer worrying about the wrong frame is the greatest irony in this humorous story The Gold Frame.
Thursday, January 21, 2010
The Gold Frame
THE GOLD FRAME
The Gold Frame is a short story written by the cartoonist, R.K.Laxman. In this story the writer tries to bring out the characteristics of Indian middle class. The hypocrisy and false prestige, typical to middle class are well exposed in this story. The style of the story is consistent with the theme of humour.
The Modern Frame Works is an extra-large wooden packing case placed in-between two other shops. Datta, the owner of the Modern Frame Works, is the central figure in the story. He was a lean man with silver-rimmed glasses and the colour of seasoned timber. He was a silent and hardworking man. He spoke very little and discouraged casual friends and idle gossip.
Once a customer approaches Datta to get an old photograph framed in the best possible frame. He respects, admires and praises the old man which makes one believe that the man in the photograph must have been an ideal human being. The customer is great for his ability to recognize and respect such humanity. The customer has no will of his own so Datta comes to his rescue to help him select a proper frame. With his help he selects cut mount for his photograph. The customer talks as if it were his life’s mission to get the photograph framed but he does not even likes to pay the price quoted by Datta. After getting the price and date settled he goes away.
His customers came days in advance and went away disappointed or came months later. Some never turned up at all and their pictures lay unclaimed in a box. Thus Datta would not begin his work unless his customers came twice before the date of due. His tall and rustic looking customer appeared after ten days to see the progress in work. When Datta grasped the interest of his customer in the frame he took out the photograph to frame it. Datta accidentally spills enamel paint on the sacred photograph of the customer. He tries to rub it with a piece of cloth but the figure peels off. The respectable old man’s face turned into thick black specks sticking to the enamel smeared on the piece of closth in his hand. Datta was afraid of the consequences. Every nerve in his head throbbed as if it would tear apart if he did not hold it down. Datta thought of alternate solutions like framing another photograph. Luckily he found one with which he could take a fair risk. In his confusion Datta frames square frame while the customer has ordered an oval frame. This in a way saves Datta. The customer questions the frame and not the photograph itself, thereby saving Datta. This results in humour.
This story reveals the cunning nature of Datta. R.K.Laxman depicts the cunning nature of Datta. R.K.Laxman depicts the customer as a fool. The customer agrees upon the price though he feels it to be high. After all the lavish praise, a bargain over the price would make him still foolish. So his veneration for the old man as well as his willingness to pay any price for the frame is both dubious. Data is saved by the foolishness of the customer rather than by his own experience or cleverness. Thus the story The Gold Frame has suspense, irony, and humour resulting from the theme, characterization, setting and style.
The Gold Frame is a short story written by the cartoonist, R.K.Laxman. In this story the writer tries to bring out the characteristics of Indian middle class. The hypocrisy and false prestige, typical to middle class are well exposed in this story. The style of the story is consistent with the theme of humour.
The Modern Frame Works is an extra-large wooden packing case placed in-between two other shops. Datta, the owner of the Modern Frame Works, is the central figure in the story. He was a lean man with silver-rimmed glasses and the colour of seasoned timber. He was a silent and hardworking man. He spoke very little and discouraged casual friends and idle gossip.
Once a customer approaches Datta to get an old photograph framed in the best possible frame. He respects, admires and praises the old man which makes one believe that the man in the photograph must have been an ideal human being. The customer is great for his ability to recognize and respect such humanity. The customer has no will of his own so Datta comes to his rescue to help him select a proper frame. With his help he selects cut mount for his photograph. The customer talks as if it were his life’s mission to get the photograph framed but he does not even likes to pay the price quoted by Datta. After getting the price and date settled he goes away.
His customers came days in advance and went away disappointed or came months later. Some never turned up at all and their pictures lay unclaimed in a box. Thus Datta would not begin his work unless his customers came twice before the date of due. His tall and rustic looking customer appeared after ten days to see the progress in work. When Datta grasped the interest of his customer in the frame he took out the photograph to frame it. Datta accidentally spills enamel paint on the sacred photograph of the customer. He tries to rub it with a piece of cloth but the figure peels off. The respectable old man’s face turned into thick black specks sticking to the enamel smeared on the piece of closth in his hand. Datta was afraid of the consequences. Every nerve in his head throbbed as if it would tear apart if he did not hold it down. Datta thought of alternate solutions like framing another photograph. Luckily he found one with which he could take a fair risk. In his confusion Datta frames square frame while the customer has ordered an oval frame. This in a way saves Datta. The customer questions the frame and not the photograph itself, thereby saving Datta. This results in humour.
This story reveals the cunning nature of Datta. R.K.Laxman depicts the cunning nature of Datta. R.K.Laxman depicts the customer as a fool. The customer agrees upon the price though he feels it to be high. After all the lavish praise, a bargain over the price would make him still foolish. So his veneration for the old man as well as his willingness to pay any price for the frame is both dubious. Data is saved by the foolishness of the customer rather than by his own experience or cleverness. Thus the story The Gold Frame has suspense, irony, and humour resulting from the theme, characterization, setting and style.
Wings of Fire Unit 3-4
Shaheen Taj
Wings Of Fire Unit – 3&4
What according to Kalam does one need to be a successful team leader?
APJ Abdul Kalam was born in 1931 to little educated family of boat owners in Rameswaram. He specialized in A.E. Dr. Kalam made significant contribution in developing India’s first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV). As the scientific adviser, to Defense Secretary he was responsible for evolving policies, strategies and missions for many development applications. With the success of Pokhran-II he became a heroic figure for many Indians.
According to Abdul Kalam, a good leader commands commitment and participation from his/her team. He/she has to get the team together to share whatever little development has been achieved. This slight loss of time was the very small prize to pay for that commitment and sense of team work. Abdul Kalam could spot out good leadership qualities in his small group of workers. They existed at all levels.
Abdul Kalam used to observe his colleagues carefully if they had the interest and willingness to experiment. He also started to listen and observe anyone who showed the slightest promise. Abdul Kalam adopted two ways to strengthen his personal freedom while leading a team. The first method was to strengthen education and skills. Knowledge is a tangible asset quite often the most important tool while working. To lead in a way, is to continue our education. Many professionals often go to night classes to keep themselves abreast of latest technological developments. To be a successful leader, one has to stay back after the din and clutter of a working day to review the work done and Kalam did just that.
These are the leadership qualities which one needs to be a successful team leader according to Kalam.
Write about SLV 3’s history, its failure and its ultimate success.
Prof.Sarabhai the Mahatma of Indian Science wanted to start an Indian SLV. For this purpose he hand-picked a team known as SLV-3. Kalam was chosen as the project leader, and he had also the additional responsibility of designing the fourth stage of SLV-3.
Sarabhai wanted to develop ISLV, after the successful launch of Nike Apache, which was the sounding rocket. This brought great changes in the space research programmes. Many new committies and teams were formed. Kalam and his team worked continuously. The SLV-3 required enormous effort in the areas of rocket propulsion and pushing the pay load into orbit. Slowly, the SLV-3 project started taking shape. Thumba became capable of handling all major systems of a launch vehicle. Prof. Sarabhai visited Thumba frequently to supervise the progress of the team until his untimely death. The TERLS at Thumba became Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC). The team worked in full swing as if in memory of the great man who planned it. Kalam was appointed the project manager for SLV-3. SLV-3’s primary objective was to launch a 40kg satellite into a 400km circular orbit around the earth.
Kalam selected the team carefully. Dr.Brahma Prakash formed Project Advisory Committees. A target of All Line Flight Test within 64 months was set in March 1973. The team members were specialists in their own area. This raised them to the heights in their careers later.
About 250 sub assemblies and 44 major sub-systems were conceived during the design of SLV-3, the components required for, were made in India itself. First experimental flight trial of SLV-3 was scheduled for 10 August 1979. The 23mt long, forestage rocket, weighing 17 tons, finally took off elegantly. Stage 1 performance was perfect. But because of some malfunctioning stage-2 went out of control and it crashed into the sea, 560km off Sriharikota. Later the team held meeting, discussed about the fault and after great efforts and collections lifted off SLV-3 off from SHAR. This vehicle which took off on 18 July 1980 set the blue print for India’s satellite programmes and later to missile development. It was an inspiration of success to the whole country.
What does Kalam say about Sarabhai’s contribution to India’s Science programme?
Prof. Vikram Sarabhai was a visionary who pioneered Space Research in India. He had invited Kalam to take up RATO project. During this project Prof. Sarabhai has realized his vision for ten year Space Research. The confidence and courage of Prof. Sarabhai made the Indian Scientific Community competent and ready to take on new challenges. It was Sarabhai who had located Shriharikota to rocket launching station.
Kalam has deep respect and utmost veneration to Prof. Sarabhai. He considers him as the ‘Mahatma of Indian Science’. Prof. Sarabhai was an innovator who was highly optimistic and tolerant. He identified the capabilities of his sub-ordinates. He was the only schentist who single handedly planned and got executed the vast network of Space Research Organizations throughout India. He wanted to develop indigenous rockets and satellites.
Prof. Sarabhai had formed a team named SLV-3 to develop SLV and Kalam was chosen to lead the project. Prof. Sarabhai used to say that mistakes were inevitable but generally manageable. He had the wisdom to understand any kind of situation. He had set up the Rocket Engineering Section at Thumba.
For five years, about 22 scientists and engineers had worked with Prof. Sarabhai who later took charge of important scientific projects. Prof. Sarabhai personally supervised the progress of each and every stage of SLV-3 until his untimely death. The TERLS at Thumba became the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, and the work on SLV -3 went on in full swing in Prof. Sarabhai’s memory.
Within a year of Sarabhai’s death India’s first SLV lifted off from SHAR. This credit goes to the pillars of Indian Space Programme, Prof. Sarabhai in particular. Thus Sarabhai’s visions define the counoutry’s Space Progamme.
Write briefly about Wernher Von Braun’s achievements.
Wernher Von Braun was a German Scientist. He was a great schentist in the fieldof rocketry and missiles. He was a scientist, designer, production engineer, administrator and technology manager, all rolled into one. He worked as technical director of the German Missile Laboratory. He made the lethal V-2 missiles that devasted London in World War II. Later Lethal V-2 missiles were the first missiles to exceed the speed of the sound. At the end of the war Von Braun was captured by the allied forces headed by the USA. He was not ill-treated but in honour of his genius he was given a top position in the rocketry programme at NASA. He worked for the American army and produced the first IRBM, Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile, ‘Jupiter’missile with a 3000km range.
Abdul Kalam was awed to meet such a great man as Von Braun. He received Von Braun at the Madras airport and was happy to travel with him in the Avro aircraft from Madras to Trivandrum. During the 90min flight Von Braun asked Kalam about the progress of Indian Space research and listened like a student. Kalam found the father of modern rocketry to be a very humble, receptive and encouraging person.
Von Braun advised Abdul Kalam to do anything in rocketry on his own if he wanted to do it. He cited the example of the Americans who looked at every alien product with great mistrust. He also advised to take successes and failures equally as even failures can teach more. Mere hard work would not bring honour. One must have vision and conception of the whole and then work hard to make it a success. Finally he advised Kalam not to make rocketry his profession or livelihood but make it his religion or mission of life.
Abdul Kalam saw Prof. Sarabhai in Von Braun. This speaks about Kalam’s admiration for Von Braun, who had enhanced his wisdom and expanded his vision.
Wings Of Fire Unit – 3&4
What according to Kalam does one need to be a successful team leader?
APJ Abdul Kalam was born in 1931 to little educated family of boat owners in Rameswaram. He specialized in A.E. Dr. Kalam made significant contribution in developing India’s first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV). As the scientific adviser, to Defense Secretary he was responsible for evolving policies, strategies and missions for many development applications. With the success of Pokhran-II he became a heroic figure for many Indians.
According to Abdul Kalam, a good leader commands commitment and participation from his/her team. He/she has to get the team together to share whatever little development has been achieved. This slight loss of time was the very small prize to pay for that commitment and sense of team work. Abdul Kalam could spot out good leadership qualities in his small group of workers. They existed at all levels.
Abdul Kalam used to observe his colleagues carefully if they had the interest and willingness to experiment. He also started to listen and observe anyone who showed the slightest promise. Abdul Kalam adopted two ways to strengthen his personal freedom while leading a team. The first method was to strengthen education and skills. Knowledge is a tangible asset quite often the most important tool while working. To lead in a way, is to continue our education. Many professionals often go to night classes to keep themselves abreast of latest technological developments. To be a successful leader, one has to stay back after the din and clutter of a working day to review the work done and Kalam did just that.
These are the leadership qualities which one needs to be a successful team leader according to Kalam.
Write about SLV 3’s history, its failure and its ultimate success.
Prof.Sarabhai the Mahatma of Indian Science wanted to start an Indian SLV. For this purpose he hand-picked a team known as SLV-3. Kalam was chosen as the project leader, and he had also the additional responsibility of designing the fourth stage of SLV-3.
Sarabhai wanted to develop ISLV, after the successful launch of Nike Apache, which was the sounding rocket. This brought great changes in the space research programmes. Many new committies and teams were formed. Kalam and his team worked continuously. The SLV-3 required enormous effort in the areas of rocket propulsion and pushing the pay load into orbit. Slowly, the SLV-3 project started taking shape. Thumba became capable of handling all major systems of a launch vehicle. Prof. Sarabhai visited Thumba frequently to supervise the progress of the team until his untimely death. The TERLS at Thumba became Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC). The team worked in full swing as if in memory of the great man who planned it. Kalam was appointed the project manager for SLV-3. SLV-3’s primary objective was to launch a 40kg satellite into a 400km circular orbit around the earth.
Kalam selected the team carefully. Dr.Brahma Prakash formed Project Advisory Committees. A target of All Line Flight Test within 64 months was set in March 1973. The team members were specialists in their own area. This raised them to the heights in their careers later.
About 250 sub assemblies and 44 major sub-systems were conceived during the design of SLV-3, the components required for, were made in India itself. First experimental flight trial of SLV-3 was scheduled for 10 August 1979. The 23mt long, forestage rocket, weighing 17 tons, finally took off elegantly. Stage 1 performance was perfect. But because of some malfunctioning stage-2 went out of control and it crashed into the sea, 560km off Sriharikota. Later the team held meeting, discussed about the fault and after great efforts and collections lifted off SLV-3 off from SHAR. This vehicle which took off on 18 July 1980 set the blue print for India’s satellite programmes and later to missile development. It was an inspiration of success to the whole country.
What does Kalam say about Sarabhai’s contribution to India’s Science programme?
Prof. Vikram Sarabhai was a visionary who pioneered Space Research in India. He had invited Kalam to take up RATO project. During this project Prof. Sarabhai has realized his vision for ten year Space Research. The confidence and courage of Prof. Sarabhai made the Indian Scientific Community competent and ready to take on new challenges. It was Sarabhai who had located Shriharikota to rocket launching station.
Kalam has deep respect and utmost veneration to Prof. Sarabhai. He considers him as the ‘Mahatma of Indian Science’. Prof. Sarabhai was an innovator who was highly optimistic and tolerant. He identified the capabilities of his sub-ordinates. He was the only schentist who single handedly planned and got executed the vast network of Space Research Organizations throughout India. He wanted to develop indigenous rockets and satellites.
Prof. Sarabhai had formed a team named SLV-3 to develop SLV and Kalam was chosen to lead the project. Prof. Sarabhai used to say that mistakes were inevitable but generally manageable. He had the wisdom to understand any kind of situation. He had set up the Rocket Engineering Section at Thumba.
For five years, about 22 scientists and engineers had worked with Prof. Sarabhai who later took charge of important scientific projects. Prof. Sarabhai personally supervised the progress of each and every stage of SLV-3 until his untimely death. The TERLS at Thumba became the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, and the work on SLV -3 went on in full swing in Prof. Sarabhai’s memory.
Within a year of Sarabhai’s death India’s first SLV lifted off from SHAR. This credit goes to the pillars of Indian Space Programme, Prof. Sarabhai in particular. Thus Sarabhai’s visions define the counoutry’s Space Progamme.
Write briefly about Wernher Von Braun’s achievements.
Wernher Von Braun was a German Scientist. He was a great schentist in the fieldof rocketry and missiles. He was a scientist, designer, production engineer, administrator and technology manager, all rolled into one. He worked as technical director of the German Missile Laboratory. He made the lethal V-2 missiles that devasted London in World War II. Later Lethal V-2 missiles were the first missiles to exceed the speed of the sound. At the end of the war Von Braun was captured by the allied forces headed by the USA. He was not ill-treated but in honour of his genius he was given a top position in the rocketry programme at NASA. He worked for the American army and produced the first IRBM, Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile, ‘Jupiter’missile with a 3000km range.
Abdul Kalam was awed to meet such a great man as Von Braun. He received Von Braun at the Madras airport and was happy to travel with him in the Avro aircraft from Madras to Trivandrum. During the 90min flight Von Braun asked Kalam about the progress of Indian Space research and listened like a student. Kalam found the father of modern rocketry to be a very humble, receptive and encouraging person.
Von Braun advised Abdul Kalam to do anything in rocketry on his own if he wanted to do it. He cited the example of the Americans who looked at every alien product with great mistrust. He also advised to take successes and failures equally as even failures can teach more. Mere hard work would not bring honour. One must have vision and conception of the whole and then work hard to make it a success. Finally he advised Kalam not to make rocketry his profession or livelihood but make it his religion or mission of life.
Abdul Kalam saw Prof. Sarabhai in Von Braun. This speaks about Kalam’s admiration for Von Braun, who had enhanced his wisdom and expanded his vision.
2nd online bits
1ST BTECH 2ND ONLINE BITS
1. The frame Datta recommended to his customer: A frame with gold leaves and creepers.
2. Datta was: a silent and hardworking man
3. What was the appearance of the owner of the ‘Modern Frame Works’? A concave figure with silver rimmed glasses and the complexion of seasoned timber.
4. What was “The Modern Frame Works”? An extra large wooden packing case mounted on wobbly legs.
5. Datta had learnt by experience that: his customers never came punctually.
6. The ‘Modern Frame Works’ looks like a: fabulous world awaiting order and arrangement.
7. When the samples were shown to the customer he: was baffled
8. When the customer came to take the photograph, Datta tried to composite himself by : letting a whole minute pass without answering
9. Datta was forced to accept the disaster with a: hopeless resignation
10. Every nerve in Datta’s head throbbed: when he thought of what answer he would offer to his customer
11. The customer clearly remembered that he had asked Datta for only: A cut mount with an oval shape.
12. How was the photograph? Sharp & highly glazed
13. What was the colour of the photograph of the old man that the customer wanted to be framed? Sepia brown
14. What are the extravagant qualities of the old man described by the customer? Nobility, Compassion, and Charity.
15. Why did they want to frame the photograph? To demonstrate their homage
16. Datta had learnt by experience that: his customers never came punctually.
17. Datta was always seen sitting ---- up, surrounded by a ---- of cardboard pieces: hunched , confused
18. Many times Datta had to stand up and shake his dhoti vigorously to: dislodge the lost object
19. C.V.Raman remembered that one day he was standing between: the Libyan Desert and the Valley of the Nile in Egypt.
20. In one sense water is the commonest of liquids, in another sense it is: the most uncommon of liquids.
21. The finest silt of the valley of the Nile was brought down by the river from the highway of: Abyssinia and from Central Africa.
22. The Nile flows inot the: Mediterranean sea
23. In the body of all living creatures water plays an essential part in its: Physiological activity.
24. Alluvial areas formed by silt are usually: Very fertile
25. Common substance which we call water: is the most potent and most wonderful thing on face of earth
26. Much of Indian agriculture depends on: seasonal rainfall
27. The ------ and ------ of water is thus fundamental for human welfare: Conservation and utilization.
28. The problems of soil erosion are closely connected with: inadequate and irregular rainfall.
29. The rain fed tanks play a vital role in: South Indian agriculture.
30. The problem of ---- is one of the serious important in various countries and especially in many parts of India.: Soil erosion
31. India, being a country which has only seasonal rainfall: has the problem of an immense quantity of rainwater running off the ground
32. The harnessing of water supplies helps on developing: hydroelectric power.
33. Hydro-electric Power helps in tapping: underground water
34. The most advantageous result of having availability of electric power is that: it helps inderground water to be tapped to a greater extent than at present
35. The soil on the earth’s surface has been formed from: The rocks of its crust.
36. Kalpana was not a topper at the school, but she was among the first : Five
37. Kalpana was one among the --- astronauts selected by NASA : 19
38. The first woman astronaut to go into the space is : Kalpana Chawla
39. Kalpana Chawla was offered attractive job by: Overset Methods Inc.
40. Kalpana Chawla had her schooling in the : Tagore Bal Niketan
41. At PEC Kalpana was actively associated with: Aero & Astro society
42. After obtaining PhD Kalpana joined: NASA Ames Research Centre
43. Kalpana pursued her pre-degree cpurse from: Dayal Singh College
44. Kalpana initially sought PhD admission into the discipline of: Mechanical engineering
45. After graduation, Kalpana decided to seek admission into: University of Texas
46. Kalpana moved to ------ after her Master’s programme: Colorodo
47. Kalpana’s dream was to become: Flight Engineer
48. For STS-107 mission Kalpana’s assignment was: conduct research on micro gravity
49. Kalpana’s thesis guide at Arlington was: Don Wilson
50. Kalpana got married in the year: 1983
51. Kalpana Chawla’s pet name was: Montu
52. For STS-107 mission Kalpana’s assignment was: to conduct research on microgravity.
53. The code name of Narayanana’s missile project was: Devil
54. The project director for Prithvi: Col.V.J.Sundaram
55. “Don not make rocketry your profession or your livelihood- make it your religion your mission” who said these words? Wernher Von Braun
56. In area Sriharikota is as big as: Chennai
57. Who calls Kalam with his full name? T.N.Seshan
58. Who has demonstrated his mastery over the art of team building?
Prof. Vikram Sarabhai.
59. Who played a very important role in shaping Dr. Kalam’s leadership skills? Dr.Brahm Prakash
60. When Abdul Kalam visited DRDL in April 1982 who was the Director? Mr.S.L.Bansal
61. Which missile was the first IRBM with a 3,000 km range? : Jupiter missile
62. The formulation of re-entry experiment (REX) later became : Agni
63. The vaccum created in Kalam by the Diamont was filled by : RATO
64. Who succeeded Prof.Ramanna after his retirement? Dr. V.S.Arunachalam
65. The failure of the timer circuit of the nose cone jettisoning mechanism led to the birth of: A rocket engineering laboratory.
66. Dr.Brahm Prakash died on: 3 January 1984.
67. INCOSPAR was reconstituted as an advisory body under the : INSA
68. What is the commonest denominator among all successful men and women? Total Commitment
69. The SLV rocket flight was terminated after: 317 seconds.
70. Who became the technical director of German Missile laboratory at Kummersdorf? Wernher Von Braun
71. The development of an indigenous surface-to-air missile was taken by: DRDO
72. An altitude control system and an on-board computer were developed by: D.P.Benerjee, K.V.Ramanna Sai and their team.
73. The fourth stage apogee motor has given the required velocity to put ----- satellite into orbit: Rohini
74. The anti-tank missile project became: Nag
75. Who was the French visitor & President of CNES (Centre Nationale de Etudes Spatiales) brought to Thumba by Prof. Sarabhai: Dr Curien
76. What was Kalam’s dream project? Agni
77. Dr. Brhm Prakash died on: 3 January 1984.
78. The Indian Rocket society was found in : 1968
79. ISRO became a government body in: 1975
80. The velocity of SLV-3 satellite is: 25,000km per hour
81. The SLV rocket flight was terminated after: S17 seconds
82. The surface-to-surface weapon system became: Prithvi
83. What was the position of India, in its satellite launching capability, when SLV-3 was launched? Fifth in the world.
84. Who was Kalam’s sheet anchor? Dr.Brahm Prakash
85. Indian Space Research Organization was created under the: DAE
86. Who was Abdul Kalam’s mentor? Ahmed Jallalluddin
87. For all scientific projects in India , the Management pattern of the SLV project became: the blueprint
88. Since the space at DRDL was inadequate for IGMDP, Abdul Kalam selected: Imarat Kancha area.
89. The 1st launch of the missile programme was conducted on: 16 sept 1985
90. PM Indira Gandhi visited Thumba to dedicate TERLS to: The International Space Science Community.
91. “You are beautifully clothered in your success” who said these words? Prof Satish Dhawan
92. Kalam considered Prof. Sarabhai as : Mahatma Of Indian Science
93. The Indian Rocket Society was formed in: 1968
94. The rocket that put the first man on the Moon was: The Saturn rocket in the Apollo mission.
95. Who was the first director of Vikram Sarabhai Space centre? Dr Brahm Prakash
96. The tactical core vehicle was called: Trishul
97. Dr. Curien testified that SLV-Project team has achieved in a year what the Eurpoean team could do in: three years.
98. The Nandi project was aborted at: ADE
99. Who is India’s Industrialist scientist? Prof. Vikram Sarabhai
100. The first experimental flight trial of SLV-3 was scheduled on: 10 Aug 1979
101. The Defense Minister R.Venkataraman suggested Kalam and his DRDL team to launch: an integrated GMDP
102. Indian Space Research Organization was created under tac: DAE
103. Who appointed Kalam, the Project manager of SLV: Prof. Satish Dhavan
104. ISRO was lucky to have two helm leaders : Prof. Sarabhai and Prof.Dhawan
105. The development of an indigenous surface-to- air missile was taken up by: DRDO
106. The surface-to-surface weapon system became : Prithvi
107. Who was the director of Prithvi? Col.V.J.Sundaram
1. The frame Datta recommended to his customer: A frame with gold leaves and creepers.
2. Datta was: a silent and hardworking man
3. What was the appearance of the owner of the ‘Modern Frame Works’? A concave figure with silver rimmed glasses and the complexion of seasoned timber.
4. What was “The Modern Frame Works”? An extra large wooden packing case mounted on wobbly legs.
5. Datta had learnt by experience that: his customers never came punctually.
6. The ‘Modern Frame Works’ looks like a: fabulous world awaiting order and arrangement.
7. When the samples were shown to the customer he: was baffled
8. When the customer came to take the photograph, Datta tried to composite himself by : letting a whole minute pass without answering
9. Datta was forced to accept the disaster with a: hopeless resignation
10. Every nerve in Datta’s head throbbed: when he thought of what answer he would offer to his customer
11. The customer clearly remembered that he had asked Datta for only: A cut mount with an oval shape.
12. How was the photograph? Sharp & highly glazed
13. What was the colour of the photograph of the old man that the customer wanted to be framed? Sepia brown
14. What are the extravagant qualities of the old man described by the customer? Nobility, Compassion, and Charity.
15. Why did they want to frame the photograph? To demonstrate their homage
16. Datta had learnt by experience that: his customers never came punctually.
17. Datta was always seen sitting ---- up, surrounded by a ---- of cardboard pieces: hunched , confused
18. Many times Datta had to stand up and shake his dhoti vigorously to: dislodge the lost object
19. C.V.Raman remembered that one day he was standing between: the Libyan Desert and the Valley of the Nile in Egypt.
20. In one sense water is the commonest of liquids, in another sense it is: the most uncommon of liquids.
21. The finest silt of the valley of the Nile was brought down by the river from the highway of: Abyssinia and from Central Africa.
22. The Nile flows inot the: Mediterranean sea
23. In the body of all living creatures water plays an essential part in its: Physiological activity.
24. Alluvial areas formed by silt are usually: Very fertile
25. Common substance which we call water: is the most potent and most wonderful thing on face of earth
26. Much of Indian agriculture depends on: seasonal rainfall
27. The ------ and ------ of water is thus fundamental for human welfare: Conservation and utilization.
28. The problems of soil erosion are closely connected with: inadequate and irregular rainfall.
29. The rain fed tanks play a vital role in: South Indian agriculture.
30. The problem of ---- is one of the serious important in various countries and especially in many parts of India.: Soil erosion
31. India, being a country which has only seasonal rainfall: has the problem of an immense quantity of rainwater running off the ground
32. The harnessing of water supplies helps on developing: hydroelectric power.
33. Hydro-electric Power helps in tapping: underground water
34. The most advantageous result of having availability of electric power is that: it helps inderground water to be tapped to a greater extent than at present
35. The soil on the earth’s surface has been formed from: The rocks of its crust.
36. Kalpana was not a topper at the school, but she was among the first : Five
37. Kalpana was one among the --- astronauts selected by NASA : 19
38. The first woman astronaut to go into the space is : Kalpana Chawla
39. Kalpana Chawla was offered attractive job by: Overset Methods Inc.
40. Kalpana Chawla had her schooling in the : Tagore Bal Niketan
41. At PEC Kalpana was actively associated with: Aero & Astro society
42. After obtaining PhD Kalpana joined: NASA Ames Research Centre
43. Kalpana pursued her pre-degree cpurse from: Dayal Singh College
44. Kalpana initially sought PhD admission into the discipline of: Mechanical engineering
45. After graduation, Kalpana decided to seek admission into: University of Texas
46. Kalpana moved to ------ after her Master’s programme: Colorodo
47. Kalpana’s dream was to become: Flight Engineer
48. For STS-107 mission Kalpana’s assignment was: conduct research on micro gravity
49. Kalpana’s thesis guide at Arlington was: Don Wilson
50. Kalpana got married in the year: 1983
51. Kalpana Chawla’s pet name was: Montu
52. For STS-107 mission Kalpana’s assignment was: to conduct research on microgravity.
53. The code name of Narayanana’s missile project was: Devil
54. The project director for Prithvi: Col.V.J.Sundaram
55. “Don not make rocketry your profession or your livelihood- make it your religion your mission” who said these words? Wernher Von Braun
56. In area Sriharikota is as big as: Chennai
57. Who calls Kalam with his full name? T.N.Seshan
58. Who has demonstrated his mastery over the art of team building?
Prof. Vikram Sarabhai.
59. Who played a very important role in shaping Dr. Kalam’s leadership skills? Dr.Brahm Prakash
60. When Abdul Kalam visited DRDL in April 1982 who was the Director? Mr.S.L.Bansal
61. Which missile was the first IRBM with a 3,000 km range? : Jupiter missile
62. The formulation of re-entry experiment (REX) later became : Agni
63. The vaccum created in Kalam by the Diamont was filled by : RATO
64. Who succeeded Prof.Ramanna after his retirement? Dr. V.S.Arunachalam
65. The failure of the timer circuit of the nose cone jettisoning mechanism led to the birth of: A rocket engineering laboratory.
66. Dr.Brahm Prakash died on: 3 January 1984.
67. INCOSPAR was reconstituted as an advisory body under the : INSA
68. What is the commonest denominator among all successful men and women? Total Commitment
69. The SLV rocket flight was terminated after: 317 seconds.
70. Who became the technical director of German Missile laboratory at Kummersdorf? Wernher Von Braun
71. The development of an indigenous surface-to-air missile was taken by: DRDO
72. An altitude control system and an on-board computer were developed by: D.P.Benerjee, K.V.Ramanna Sai and their team.
73. The fourth stage apogee motor has given the required velocity to put ----- satellite into orbit: Rohini
74. The anti-tank missile project became: Nag
75. Who was the French visitor & President of CNES (Centre Nationale de Etudes Spatiales) brought to Thumba by Prof. Sarabhai: Dr Curien
76. What was Kalam’s dream project? Agni
77. Dr. Brhm Prakash died on: 3 January 1984.
78. The Indian Rocket society was found in : 1968
79. ISRO became a government body in: 1975
80. The velocity of SLV-3 satellite is: 25,000km per hour
81. The SLV rocket flight was terminated after: S17 seconds
82. The surface-to-surface weapon system became: Prithvi
83. What was the position of India, in its satellite launching capability, when SLV-3 was launched? Fifth in the world.
84. Who was Kalam’s sheet anchor? Dr.Brahm Prakash
85. Indian Space Research Organization was created under the: DAE
86. Who was Abdul Kalam’s mentor? Ahmed Jallalluddin
87. For all scientific projects in India , the Management pattern of the SLV project became: the blueprint
88. Since the space at DRDL was inadequate for IGMDP, Abdul Kalam selected: Imarat Kancha area.
89. The 1st launch of the missile programme was conducted on: 16 sept 1985
90. PM Indira Gandhi visited Thumba to dedicate TERLS to: The International Space Science Community.
91. “You are beautifully clothered in your success” who said these words? Prof Satish Dhawan
92. Kalam considered Prof. Sarabhai as : Mahatma Of Indian Science
93. The Indian Rocket Society was formed in: 1968
94. The rocket that put the first man on the Moon was: The Saturn rocket in the Apollo mission.
95. Who was the first director of Vikram Sarabhai Space centre? Dr Brahm Prakash
96. The tactical core vehicle was called: Trishul
97. Dr. Curien testified that SLV-Project team has achieved in a year what the Eurpoean team could do in: three years.
98. The Nandi project was aborted at: ADE
99. Who is India’s Industrialist scientist? Prof. Vikram Sarabhai
100. The first experimental flight trial of SLV-3 was scheduled on: 10 Aug 1979
101. The Defense Minister R.Venkataraman suggested Kalam and his DRDL team to launch: an integrated GMDP
102. Indian Space Research Organization was created under tac: DAE
103. Who appointed Kalam, the Project manager of SLV: Prof. Satish Dhavan
104. ISRO was lucky to have two helm leaders : Prof. Sarabhai and Prof.Dhawan
105. The development of an indigenous surface-to- air missile was taken up by: DRDO
106. The surface-to-surface weapon system became : Prithvi
107. Who was the director of Prithvi? Col.V.J.Sundaram
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