NIMRA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
I B TECH I SEM :
ENGLISH NOTES
DR. SHAIK SHAHEEN TAJ
MBA., MA., M PHIL., PHD.
UNIT 6
INDUSTRY: SAFETY AND TRAINING
Give two reasons for training employees
before they start working in the industry.
Typical Reasons for Employee Training and
Development
Ø Training and development can be initiated for
a variety of reasons for an employee or group of employees, e.g.,: When a
performance appraisal indicates performance improvement is needed
Ø To "benchmark" the status of
improvement so far in a performance improvement effort
Ø As part of an overall professional
development program
Ø As part of succession planning to help an
employee be eligible for a planned change in role in the organization
Ø To "pilot", or test, the operation
of a new performance management system
Ø To train about a specific topic
Communications: The increasing diversity of today's workforce brings a
wide variety of languages and customs.
Computer skills: Computer skills are becoming a necessity for conducting
administrative and office tasks.
Customer service: Increased competition in today's global marketplace makes
it critical that employees understand and meet the needs of customers.
Diversity: Diversity training usually includes explanation about how
people have different perspectives and views, and includes techniques to value
diversity
Ethics: Today's society has increasing expectations about
corporate social responsibility. Also, today's diverse workforce brings a wide
variety of values and morals to the workplace.
Human relations: The increased stresses of today's workplace can include
misunderstandings and conflict. Training can people to get along in the
workplace.
Quality initiatives: Initiatives such as Total Quality Management, Quality
Circles, benchmarking, etc., require basic training about quality concepts,
guidelines and standards for quality, etc.
Safety: Safety training is critical where working with heavy
equipment , hazardous chemicals, repetitive activities, etc., but can also be
useful with practical advice for avoiding assaults, etc.
Sexual harassment: Sexual harassment training usually includes careful
description of the organization's policies about sexual harassment, especially
about what are inappropriate behaviors.
Ø Increased job satisfaction and morale among
employees
Ø Increased employee motivation
Ø Increased efficiencies in processes,
resulting in financial gain
Ø Increased capacity to adopt new technologies
and methods
Ø Increased innovation in strategies and
products
Ø Reduced employee turnover
Ø Enhanced company image, e.g., conducting
ethics training
Ø Risk management, e.g., training about sexual
harassment, diversity training
ALFRED MARTIN LUTHER KING AND AFRICA
Similarities between Mohandas Gandhi and Martin
Luther King Jr.:
Gandhi
and King both used nonviolent protest. There is a similar difference between Gandhi’s
belief and King’s belief. Gandhi
believed that nonviolence achieves its goals through patience and
non-cooperation. King believed that it takes “creative tension” and a degree of
confrontation to accomplish change.
Gandhi fought British oppression with
non-violence. Both Gandhi and Alfred
King believed in peaceful ways. Gandhi told his followers that they would
march, boycott, and strike. But they would NEVER use violence. He said that
"violence can only spurn more violence." Gandhi had also
read many works of learned scholars during this time. And was studying to be a
lawyer but didn't proceed with it all the way. Gandhi wanted to help the
people.
Gandhi and
King were both assassinated. They both had wives that supported their cause
Both Gandhi and King’s nonviolence movements gained many
rights for specific groups of people
Differences between Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.:
Gandhi fought British Oppression. King fought
for Civil Rights and social justice Gandhi and King …Gandhi suffered physically for his
cause by going on a hunger strike, as King didn’t suffer physically.
Gandhi struggled against a ruling party in his own
country while all the nations were behind him to support him on all issues. King was
struggling against a Black and white phenomenon which was present all around
the world at that time.
Both men are great and both are very strong
leaders in what they did. They have many, many more similarities than
differences. They were in different times and different places in the world,
but both shared the same vision of equal rights and treatment.
Q. How did Martin Luther King embrace his African roots?
Ans: Chinua Achebe was a
Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel ‘Things Fall Apart’ (1958) is also considered his ‘magnum
opus’, and is the most widely
read book in modern African
literature. In the present essay “Martin Luther King and Africa” he draws out
the complex issues of racial discrimination. Chinua Achebe discusses
the legacy of Martin Luther King how
he was able to fight racial discrimination and slave trade.
According to Chinua Achebe, the death of Martin Luther King left a
strong feeling that he had belonged to Africa in a very special sense which the
author felt very proud that his ancestors were brought to America from Africa.
It was this fact that Martin Luther King had embraced the pain and suffering of
the African continent even though he had got no choice in his involvement in
the Atlantic slave trade. He had developed a strong vision in his early life to
bring down the structures of racism by sheer moral force.
Q. What is James Baldwin’s view about African history?
Ans: Chinua Achebe was a
Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel ‘Things Fall Apart’ (1958) is also considered his ‘magnum
opus’, and is the most widely
read book in modern African
literature. In the present essay “Martin Luther King and Africa” he draws out
the complex issues of racial discrimination. Chinua Achebe discusses
the legacy of Martin Luther King how
he was able to fight racial discrimination and slave trade.
African-Americans suffered the awkward form of sophisticated
slavery for centuries. James Baldwin, African-American writer had called this
historical alienation, ‘the African Conundrum’, was a bitter immemorial
grievance. He lamented that the African history was an unnatural and
indescribable crime of the horrendous transatlantic slave trade. In the words
of Basil Davidson, the distinguished British historian, it was the greatest
crime against humanity in the history of the world.
Q. In what way does the author disagree with the American
Professor of history?
Ans: Chinua Achebe was a
Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel ‘Things Fall Apart’ (1958) is also considered his ‘magnum
opus’, and is the most widely
read book in modern African
literature. In the present essay “Martin Luther King and Africa” he draws out
the complex issues of racial discrimination. Chinua Achebe discusses
the legacy of Martin Luther King how
he was able to fight racial discrimination and slave trade.
It was some time ago in a heated TV discussion an American
Professor declared that the Africans had captured their own people in the
hinterland and sold them to the white people. The author disagreed that the
victim was blamed for the crime which was touted as the cause of it. He pointed
out that the very archives of Europe had the entries of the long nights of the
slave trade for centuries. Thomas Jefferson compared Negros to Whites and
concluded that Negros were inferior in all aspects. The other American, Imlay
White, responded that it was more uncertain and false comparison of the
intellect and talents of the two races of men. One race was enslaved, degraded
and fettered and the other was free, independent. In his opinion Chinua Achebe
felt that the unequal exchange was the fright between reason and canon.
Q. In what way did Mahatma Gandhi influence Martin Luther King?
Ans: Chinua Achebe was a
Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel ‘Things Fall Apart’ (1958) is also considered his ‘magnum
opus’, and is the most widely
read book in modern African
literature. In the present essay “Martin Luther King and Africa” he draws out
the complex issues of racial discrimination. Chinua Achebe discusses
the legacy of Martin Luther King how
he was able to fight racial discrimination and slave trade.
Chinua Achebe met James Baldwin at the Annual Conference of the
African Literature in Florida. They spoke how Martin Luther King was when he
died. Martin Luther King died at the age of thirty nine, but Mahatma Gandhi had
not even returned to India at the age of thirty-nine. He had learnt from Gandhi
that human beings have a fundamental obligation to respect life even in the
midst of a great struggle. If they should forget this obligation and violate
the lives of others, they would cheapen their own lives. We should not crush
the humanity of others under our feet least we could devalue our own. How
much the African-Americans were suppressed for the lost time we should never
know. Martin Luther King was worthy of honor for he had stood in a long line of
a people’s struggle for freedom and justice.
Q. According to author, Martin Luther King achieved two things.
What is his first achievement?
Ans: Chinua Achebe was a
Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel ‘Things Fall Apart’ (1958) is also considered his ‘magnum
opus’, and is the most widely
read book in modern African
literature. In the present essay “Martin Luther King and Africa” he draws out
the complex issues of racial discrimination. Chinua Achebe discusses
the legacy of Martin Luther King how
he was able to fight racial discrimination and slave trade.
According to the author Martin Luther King was worthy of honor for
he had stood in a long line of a people’s struggle for freedom and justice. He
said that there were two things which had made him a hero, a champion of
apartheid. First, Martin Luther King struggled to conquer in himself both fear
and hate which were the most destructive emotions of human being. He stood
strongly where most of us vulnerable to fear and prejudice and all the other
frailties of human situation. It was that which made us close to Martin Luther
King of his heroic journey and able to dare the obstacles on our own little
side roads.
Q. What is Martin Luther King’s second achievement according
to the author?
Ans: Chinua Achebe was a
Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel ‘Things Fall Apart’ (1958) is also considered his ‘magnum
opus’, and is the most widely
read book in modern African
literature. In the present essay “Martin Luther King and Africa” he draws out
the complex issues of racial discrimination. Chinua Achebe discusses
the legacy of Martin Luther King how
he was able to fight racial discrimination and slave trade.
According to the author Martin Luther King was worthy of honor for
he had stood in a long line of a people’s struggle for freedom and justice. He
said that there were two things which had made him a hero, a champion of
apartheid. Second, he became significant as a staging post in a long history of
struggle for freedom and a sign post for future battles. He was really a man
who struggled valiantly to restore humanity against the tyrannical oppression.
Q. What are the author’s views on racism?
Ans: Chinua Achebe was a
Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel ‘Things Fall Apart’ (1958) is also considered his ‘magnum
opus’, and is the most widely
read book in modern African
literature. In the present essay “Martin Luther King and Africa” he draws out
the complex issues of racial discrimination. Chinua Achebe discusses
the legacy of Martin Luther King how
he was able to fight racial discrimination and slave trade.
In the United States, racism has been a major problem. From the
1600’s to 1865, white people used black people as slaves. After slavery ended,
white people still looked down on black people. From 1876-1965, there were laws
that segregated blacks and whites. Martin Luther King was a black leader who
said that segregation and racism were wrong. He worked to bring freedom and
equality to blacks. The author said that the racial discrimination eclipsed the
whole African people for centuries. In his view it was the greatest crime
against humanity.
Q. What is the central theme of the passage?
Ans: Chinua Achebe was a
Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel ‘Things Fall Apart’ (1958) is also considered his ‘magnum
opus’, and is the most widely
read book in modern African
literature. In the present essay “Martin Luther King and Africa” he draws out
the complex issues of racial discrimination of Africans, by tracing it back to
the horrific practice of slavery. Chinua Achebe discusses
the legacy of Martin Luther King how
he was able to fight racial discrimination and slave trade. He asserts
the fact that it was Martin Luther King’s indomitable spirit that led him to
fight against prejudice and oppression. It is appropriate to celebrate that
Martin Luther King worthy of a heroic heart who lives on in the minds of
African-Americans.
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