VOCABULARY FOR 2ND SEMISTER END EXAMINATON

Unit: 4 1. Admirable: Syn: appreciate, approve, praise, respect, venerate Ant: hateful, dislike, detest, sentence: an officer of very high rank in the navy Sentence: I really admire people who can work in such difficult conditions. 2. Extensive: Syn: broad, expanded, sweeping, vast, wide Ant: confined, narrow, restricted Sentence: a school with extensive grounds 3. Marine: Syn: acquatic, hydrographic, maritime, naval, ocean, natatorial, pelagic, seagoing Ant: terrestrial, goedetic, earthly, ashore, alluvial sentence: The oil slick seriously threatens marine life around the islands. 4. Priority: Syn: main-concern, right of way Sentence: My first/top priority is to find somewhere to live. 5. Stockpile: Syn: supply, store, hoard Sentence: They have a stockpile of weapons and ammunition that will last several months. 6. Disruption: Syn: trouble, interruption, disturbance Sentence: The accident on the main road through town is causing widespread disruption for motorists. 7. Flee: Syn: escape, fly Ant: stand your ground Sentence: In order to escape capture, he fled to the mountains. 8. Measure: syn:criterion,gauge,law,principle,proof,rule,scale,standard,test,touchstone,capacity,degree,share,proposal Sentence: This machine measures your heart rate. 9. Refuge: Syn: fortress, hideway, protection, sanctuary, shelter, retreat, haven Ant: danger, hazard, risk, jeopardy, exposure, pitfall Sentence: The climbers slept in a mountain refuge. 10. Superintend: Syn: manage, control Sentence: Her job is to superintend the production process. 11. Emphasing: Syn: stress Sentence: I think we should put as much emphasis on preventing disease as we do on curing it. 12. Froth: Syn: head, foam, bubble Sentence: Shake the drink before serving it to froth it up. 13. Monitoring: Syn: guidance Sentence: The new findings suggest that women ought to monitor their cholesterol levels. 14. Resource: Syn: supply, store Sentence: The country's greatest resource is the dedication of its workers. 15. Supervisory: Syn: managerial, administrate Sentence: We need to employ more supervisory staff. 16. Endemic: Syn: wide spread, common, rife Sentence: Malaria is endemic in many of the hotter regions of the world. 17. Hysterical: Syn: out of control, frantic Ant: composed Sentence: Calm down, you're getting hysterical. 18. Operation: syn:act,action,effort,agency,enterprise,execution,instrumentally,manipulation,performance,procedure,process,proceeding,working,transaction,maneuver Ant: cessation, Inaction, inactivity Sentence: There are several reactors of the type in operation at the moment. 19. Sever: Syn: cut, separate, split, undo Ant: attach, join 20. Essential: Syn: important, key point, fundamental Ant: unnecessary Sentence: planning is essential for achieving goal 21. Infrastructure: Syn: communication, fundamental facilities Sentence: my college’s infrastructure is very nice 22. Evacuate: Syn: to clear, remove from, vacate Ant: join, together Sentence: to victims of tsunami are evacuated 23. Vulnerable: Syn: danger, at risk, helpless Ant: safe, self-reliant Sentence: I felt very vulnerable, standing there without any clothes on. 24. Inspection: Syn: examination, check, scrutiny, assessment Ant: uncheck, lenient Sentences: Her passport seemed legitimate, but on closer inspection, it was found to have been altered. 25. Preventive: Syn: stop, defensive, precautionary Ant: start, aggressive Sentence: In the past 10 years, preventive measures have radically reduced levels of tooth decay in children. Unit: 5 1. Altruistic: Syn: unselfish, self less Ant: selfish Sentence: I doubt whether her motives for donating the money are altruistic - she's probably looking for publicity. 2. Amenable: Syn: better, change Ant: spoil, blemish Sentence: Do you think the new manager will prove more amenable to our proposals? . Biomarker: Syn: biomarker, or biological marker, is in general a substance used as an indicator of a biological state. It is a characteristic that is objectively measured. Sentence: 4. Cardiovascular: Syn: relating to both the heart and the blood vessels Sentence: she is suffering from cardiovascular disease 5. Carrier: Syn: transporter, shipper, mover Sentence: There are an estimated 1.5 million HIV carriers in the country. 6. Chronic: Syn: confirmed, constant Ant: occasional, temporary Sentence: There is a chronic shortage of teachers. 7. Correlate: syn: correspondence, likeness, compare Ant: difference, disparagement Sentence: Stress levels and heart disease are strongly correlated 8. Demonastrate: Syn: certainly, conclusion Ant: confusion, concealment Sentence: These problems demonstrate the importance of strategic planning. 9. Desirable: Syn: acceptable, advisable Ant: detrimental, baneful Sentence: It’s regarded as a highly desirable job. 10. Elevated: Syn: advance, exact Ant: abase, condemn Sentence: The doctor said I was to keep my leg elevated. 11. Elimination: Syn: abolish, banish Ant: accept, admit Sentence: We eventually found the answer by a process of elimination. 12. Endemic: Syn: widespread, common, ripe Sentence: The disease is endemic among British sheep/to many British flocks. 13. Eradication: syn: abolish, destroy Ant: exact, confirm Sentence: The government claims to be doing all it can to eradicate corruption. 14. Epidemiology: Syn; the scientific and medical study of the causes and transmission of disease within a population Sentence: Poverty in this country has reached epidemic proportions 15. Err: Syn: blunder, wrong Sentence: He erred in agreeing to her appointment 16. Fetish: Syn: obsession, thing Sentence: He has a fetish about/for high-heels. 17. Initiate: Syn: arise, begin, open, start Ant: close, complete Sentence: Each culture had a special ritual to initiate boys into manhood. 18. Intensification: Syn: rise, strength, growth Ant: reduction, weakness Sentence: Fighting around the capital has intensified in the last few hours. 19. Lentil: Syn: an edible seed that is lens-shaped, brown, gray, green, or black on the outside and yellow or orange inside, and rich in protein Sentence: I like lentil soup 20. Metabolic: Syn: relating to or typical of metabolism Sentence: The athletes had taken pills to stimulate their metabolic rate 21. Monopoly: syn: absorb, control, domination Ant: exude Sentence: The government is determined to protect its tobacco monopoly. 22. Morsel: Syn: scrap, piece, bit, fragment Ant: chunk Sentence: The prisoners ate every last morsel. 23. Palate: Syn: taste, liking Ant: dislike Sentence: palate is the top part of mouth 24. Premature: Syn: early, green Ant: matured, overdue Sentence: Their criticisms seem premature considering that the results aren't yet known. 25. Recommend: Syn: imply, Ant: demand, dictate Sentence: She is a highly recommended architect. 26. Reservoir: Syn: tank, pool, basin Sentence: The universities constitute a reservoir of expert knowledge. 27. Responsive: Syn: alert, open, approachable Ant: stop doing Sentence: She wasn't responsive to questioning. 28. Sparingly: Syn: carefully, thinly Ant: liberally Sentence: There wasn't enough coal during the war, so we had to use it sparingly. 29. Staunch: Syn: reliable, trusty, stop Ant: undependable Sentence: He gained a reputation as being a staunch defender/supporter of civil rights. 30. Stratergy: Sentence: The president held an emergency meeting to discuss military strategy with his defence commanders yesterday. 3 1. Temptation: Syn: bait, charm Ant: discourage, nauseate Sentence: As a young actress, she managed to resist the temptation to move to Hollywood. 32. Transmission: syn: communicate, broadcast Ant: hide, conceal Sentence: We apologize for the interruption to our transmissions this afternoon. Unit 6 1. Applied: Syn: functional, useful, practical Ant: theoretical Sentence: in these days applied mathematics play an important role 2. Chivalry: Syn: brave, courage, courteous, gallant, generous, heroic, knightly Ant: cowardly, rude, timorous, and unmannerly Sentence: "After you,” he said chivalrously, holding open the door. 3. Conviction: Syn: criminal, culprit, felon, malefactor Ant: absolve, acquit, exonerate, pardon Sentence: The conviction of the three demonstrators has caused public outrage locally. 4. Egalitarian: Syn: democratic, open, free Ant: repressive Sentence: The party's principles are basically egalitarian. 5. Factor: Syn: actor, agent, attorney, delegate, manager, deputy Ant: retain Sentence: People's voting habits are influenced by political, social and economic factors 6. Intellectual: Syn: thinker, academic, brain Sentence: I like detective stories and romances - nothing too intellectual. 7. Loops: Syn: curve, bend, arc, twist Sentence: Turn left where the road loops (= curves) round the farm buildings. 8. Negate: Syn: cancel out, reverse, wipe out Sentence: The increase in our profits has been negated by the rising costs of running the business. 9. Nicking: Syn: cut, a small V-shaped cut or indentation in an edge or surface Sentence: there is a deep nicking on the seashore during Tsunami 10. Noble: Syn: aristocratic, august, dignified, elevated, grand Ant: object, base, ignoble, low, servile Sentence: His followers believe they are fighting for a noble cause. 11. Pedagogue: Sentence: The minister's reforms are pedagogically questionable (= not based on good teaching theory). 12. Pitch: Syn: cast, chuck, fling, heave, hurl, launch, propel, sling, throw, toss Ant: catch, grab, and receive Sentence: She pitched the stone into the river. 13. Promising: Syn: affirmation, agreement, assurance, contract, oath, pledge, undertaking, fulfillment Sentence: They won the award for the most promising new band of the year. 14. Reform: Syn: amend, better, correct, freshen, improve, minder repair, restore Ant: aggravate, corrupt, damage, impair, rein Sentence: The education system in Britain was crying out for reform. 15. Renounce: Syn: abandon, abdicate, desert, drop, sacrifice Ant: maintain, preserve, persist, and remain Sentence: Gandhi renounced the use of violence. 16. Spreading: Syn: circulate, diffuse, dispense, open, extend Ant: collect, conceal, condense, suppress Sentence: The fire spread very rapidly because of the strong wind. 17. Springboard: Syn: launch pad, catalyst Sentence: The firm's director is confident that the new project will act as a springboard for/to further contracts. 18. Stele: Syn: epitaph, an inscription on a tombstone or monument commemorating the person buried there Sentence: Buddhist steles are found throughout India 19. Summit: Syn: height, top, peak, zenith Ant: nadir, depth Sentence: I certainly haven't reached the summit of my career