Friday, September 4, 2015

Note: Untitled note

Rational thinking = intellectual thinking
Heavens = celestial sphere                        
Consequences = results
Impartial = being neutral; treating all equally                                                        
Segregate = separate
Goddess = a female deity
Savage = wild; uncivilized; rude             
Miraculous = wonderful; great
Cure = heal

Note: In London

An essay on In London by M.K.Gandhi
 
In London is an extract taken from the autobiography of Gandhi titled “My Experiments With Truth” being translated into English by Mahadev Desai. He went to England to pursue his law degree. He proceeded to South Africa to protest against racial discrimination by practicing Satyagraha.He actively involved in various movements such as Champaran Satyagraha,Non-Cooperation Movement,Dandi March, Civil Disobedience Movement etc. He was called the ‘Father of Nation’ and the ‘Mahatma’.This lesson gives us an insight into the mind of young Gandhi, when he was a student in London.
                             When the lesson begins, he decides that he should not trouble others. He is a vegetarian and wants to cultivate a few accomplishments which makes one a decent gentleman in London. As he decides that Bombay clothes are unsuitable for English society, he purchases new clothes at the Army and Navy Stores. He purchases a chimney-pot hat, asks his brother to send him a “double watch chain of gold”. He also learns the art of tying himself. He watches himself before a huge mirror to part/put his hair in the correct fashion.
                                    As if it were not enough, he further takes coaching for dancing, French language, Elocution. He wastes 3 pounds for purchasing a Violin too in order to cultivate an ear for western music. But he utterly fails to learn all these things.
                                 Gandhi, however, gets realization by undergoing introspection while he is reading the speech of Pitt from the book, “Bell’s Standard Elocutionist”. He thinks that he is not going to spend his life time in England. This thought makes him realize that he is wasting money. From that time onwards he struggles for austerity and frugality. He exercises strict economy in all aspects.
                                   As his living with a family involves him in a lot of unnecessary expenditure, he decides to take a couple of rooms on his own account. The rooms he selects are low in price and also very close to the place of business which he can reach on foot in half an hour. This also keeps him physically healthy. Gandhi knows that the Bar examinations did not require great study. On a friend’s advice Gandhi decides to pass the London Matriculation, thought it is very difficult to clear. He acquires a taste for Latin, French, appears in Matriculation though he fails in the first attempt.
                                     Gandhi feels that his way of living doesn’t fit to the modest means of his family. So he adjusts himself with one room instead of two and cooks food at home and manages to live on a shilling and three pence per a day. That is a period of intensive study too. Plain living saves him plenty of time and he passes his examination. Gandhi says at the end that he found lot of joy by leading this modest life which by no means a dreary one.                                             
Meanings:-
→extract = a short passage from a book
→pursue = study
→insight = clear understanding of a situation
→cultivate = (here) adapt oneself to the situation
→accomplishments = the abilities that have to acquire by training
→introspection = the contemplation of one’s own thoughts, desires and behavior
→elocution = the art of effective speaking
→frugality = careful in avoiding waste of money
→austerity = plain living
→acquires a taste = improves interest
→modest life = plain living
Note: chapter 3
The scientific point of view by J.B. Haldane
       In the essay “The Scientific Point of View” J.B.S. Haldane opposes superstition and supports rational thinking. He says that science affects us in two ways – we are benefited by its applications and it affects our opinions.

            According to Haldane, the scientific point of view must come out of the laboratory and be applied to the events of daily life. What has already revolutionized industry, agriculture, war and medicine must be applied to the family, nation or the human race.
            Haldane says the the scientist is superior to God as he is ethically neutral. The scientist works out the consequences of many actions by the does not p[ass judgment of them. In the eyes of the bacteriologist, polluting public water supply is as destructive as exploding an atom bomb in the public street.
            The average man dwells on the emotional and ethical side of a case rather than on facts which interest the scientist. Haldane gives two examples, the problem of the American Negro and the problem of disease. The American negro is accustomed to the hot climate of the cotton estates in the Southern states. His population increase there. If he is made to live in luxury, he loses his stamina and even dies. So the scientist prefers the Negro to live a life of hardship.
            Haldane says that modern medicine has come out with miraculous drugs. Diabetes can be controlled by injecting insulin and typhoid can be controlled by drinking boiled water. But many people are unscientific. Even cancer can be cured but people do not follow the doctor’s advice.
            Haldane quotes St. Paul’s words that the world is ruled by demons. Haldane modifies this statement saying that the world is misruled by ignorance and unscientific thinking.

The Scientific Point Of View. J B S Haldane Essay. Reintroduced By P S Remesh Chandran
061. 

The Scientific Point Of View. J B S Haldane Essay
Adopting a scientific point of view is useful in many ways, whether for solving the Negro problem or for solving the problem of diseases. J.B.S.Haldane was a famous British scientist and author who later took Indian citizenship. His writings on biological subjects made scientific ideas clear and popular among people. The author argues that adopting a scientific point of view is essential and beneficial for man, rather than adopting an emotional point of view. 

Scientific point of view is God’s eye-view. A good scientist, like God, will view and examine things impartially and truthfully, and will not have emotional considerations and pass judgments. 

Science influences the average man in two ways- its practical applications are useful to man and it affects his opinions also. One of science’s main contributions to common man was its presenting man with a scientific point of view. Science continuously tells us we should give up smoking and consumption of liquor, and adopt walking and swimming daily activities to remain healthy. Once we viewed these warnings skeptically, but we now have begun to understand that there is sense and logic in these warnings. That is science’s contribution, creating this awareness and consciousness of health. The average man is attracted by the emotional and ethical aspects of a problem, not by the facts, whereas a scientist considers only the facts. A scientific point of view places everything and everyone on the same emotional level which is impartial and truthful. Because of this equalization in emotional levels, scientific point of view can be called the God’s eye-view. A good scientist will, like God, view and examine things impartially and truthfully, and will not have emotional considerations and pass judgments. Even though the enemies of science wish science to do both, and abuse scientists for being deaf to moral considerations, a scientist will remain such impartial that Mr. John, Mr. Chang, Mr. Smith, the Tape Worm and the Solar System will be equal to him. A scientific point of view enables people also to adopt the same view of an impartial scientist, in analyzing things of importance to him. 

When Negros enjoyed friendship of whites during the American Civil War, the new Democratic Negro became a heavy drinker and died in thousands, more in numbers than were killed in the actual war. 

Haldane is of the opinion that the Negro problem, i.e., the problem of Negros becoming a problem for the whites, and the problem of diseases can be solved by adopting scientific point of view. He uses these two examples to illustrate that adopting scientific point of view in solving social, human problems is feasible and useful. Though there have of course been strong oppositions to his this point of view, let us examine his observations on the living conditions of Negros in America, most of which are things of past in America now. Negros was considered inferior to white men. In the Southern states of America where slavery existed, the Negros were pulled out of cars and driven to cotton plantations to work hard in harsh sun light. Openness to nature favoured them and there they prospered and multiplied, creating thus the so-called Negro problem for whites. But had they been extended consideration and fellowship, they would have become softened and died of American diseases. This is the question J B S Haldane rises- whether emotional or scientific attitude is to be adopted in solving social, human problems, which is beneficial and useful? During the American Civil War, the Negros enjoyed friendship of the whites, as a result of which the new democratic Negro became a heavy drinker and died in thousands. The number of Negros killed that way was far greater than the number of Negros killed in the actual war. Once we shed the emotional point of view, adopt scientific point of view, we allow Negros to return to nature and live in their natural habitats, and there is and will be no problem from the Negros. 

Scientific point of view is the moral equivalent of war; they are equally fast in teaching peoples lessons.

Adopting the scientific point of view helps solve the problem of diseases also. For ages, and even now, common people think that diseases are caused by the Sin of man. But now, thanks to science, more people know that diseases are caused by the attack of foreign organisms known as microbes. By studying microbes with a scientific point of view, preventive medicines can be developed against diseases. The moral use of war is its teaching people lessons fast. Scientific point of view also teaches people lessons equally fast. That is why J.B.S.Haldane theorizes that scientific point of view is the moral equivalent of war. It teaches people lessons as fast as war. Knowledge of biological facts helps people prevent diseases. Diseases are manifestations of nature’s laws. By knowing about these laws, people can cure or prevent these diseases. The only problem remains is, people not being punctual and regular in administration of their prescribed medicines. Attitudes like this are such common that discovery of insulin has not helped reduce the death rate of diabetic patients in England and elsewhere, for medicines and their usage do not still have a scientific basis among people. It is a paradox that ‘the study of medicine, apart from its scientific basis, has created more neurotics than scientists,’ Haldane observes. 

In spite of scientists and science reigning in this world for so many long years and teaching, many people still think that diseases are products of our sin. 

Scientists and science have reigned in this world for so many long years but in spite of their teaching that diseases are manifestation of natural laws caused by microbial attacks, a considerable number of people still think that they are products of our sin. When Jesus Christ was asked why a man became blind, he answered: ‘Neither hath this man sinned nor his parents; but the works of God should be made manifest in him.” He considered it an opportunity to prove God’s manifestations and cured the blind by his simple touch. The scientists cure people with diseases, instead of accusing not only them but their ancestors through generations also of sinning. In this respect, a scientist’s view of diseases is not unlike the view held by Jesus Christ. Many of his followers but still hold to views which Jesus Christ opposed. They are not scientific but emotional in viewing many social and human issues such as remarriage and abortion. When diseases affect, some of them do not treat it scientifically but pray. Many more people hold to the view that diseases can be cured by returning to nature which is just another fallacy- we will die before we begin to get rectifying restoratives from nature. To live according to nature to escape from diseases also is quite meaningless because civilization, savagery, health and sickness are all part of nature.
G.D.Naidu’s Views

Answer the following questions in a sentence or two.

1)Where was Naidu born?
A:- G.D.Naidu was born in Kalangal, India on 23rd March 1893.
2)What was Naidu’s first job?
A:- After leaving his family, he took up a waiter job at a hotel in Coimbatore city.
3)List three inventions Naidu created or helped to create.
A:- Naidu built the first electric motor in India.He created an electric razor, a tamper-proof note recording machine and a kerosene fan.
4)What was Naidu’s farm a source of curiosity for many?
A:- The farm Naidu made had become a source of curiosity for many as he apparently had the entire building built within eight hours time.
5)When did Naidu become principal of the polytechnic college he founded?
A:- Since he was so passionate about education, in 1945 Naidu became the principal of the polytechnic college he founded.
Answer the following questions in 100 words.
6)Give an account of Naidu as a school child.
A:- When he was a school child, Naidu’s childhood years were spent getting in trouble. He disliked attending lessons and was frequently punished for his habit of hurling sand at teachers during class. Naidu’s this mischievous( bad) nature often noticed at home, where he would ignore his chores and responsibilities. He at once lit a stack of hay on fire, simply to see what would happen. However, over time, Naidu would come to appreciate the importance and value of a comprehensive education.
7)Identify one of Naidu’s habits.
A:- G.D.Naidu was born on 23rd March 1893 in Kalangal, India. He was an Indian engineer and inventor. He is commonly referred as ‘the Edison’ of India for his contribution to the fields of technology,industry and development. It has been recognized that he built the first electric motor in India.
          G.D.Naidu disliked attending lessons. He had a habit of hurling sand at teachers during the classes and was frequently punished for it. He did it because many of the classes took place on dry,muddy fields.
8)What field of study Naidu interested in?
A:- .G.D.Naidu was born on 23rd March 1893 in Kalangal, India. He was an Indian engineer and inventor. He is commonly referred as ‘the Edison’ of India for his contribution to the fields of technology,industry and development. It has been recognized that he built the first electric motor in India.
           G.D.Naidu was interested in technical education, in particular, in Mechanics. As soon as he had the sight of a foreigner, who had ridden through the village of Kalangal on a motorcycle, he not only desired to ride the motorcycle but also determined to understand the mechanism of it. More over to this, he wished a lot of time to fiddle with mechanical gadgets as a mechanic in Coimbatore. All this shows that Naidu was interested in Mechanical Engineering.
9)What was the defining moment in Naidu’s life?
A:-G. D.Naidu was born on 23rd March 1893 in Kalangal, India. He was an Indian engineer and inventor. He is commonly referred as ‘the Edison’ of India for his contribution to the fields of technology,industry and development. It has been recognized that he built the first electric motor in India.
        The defining moment of Naidu’s life came when he was still a youngster. That is, a foreigner had ridden through the village of Kalangal on motor cycle. In the views of the majority of the people in the village, the foreigner was simply a passer by. As soon as he departure from their village, they ignored him. But for Naidu, the sight of the motorcycle was inspiring as he wanted to ride it. More importantly, he wanted to understand how it operated. This was the defining moment of Naidu’s life.
10)Describe Naidu’s travels and experiences while travelling.
A:- G. D.Naidu was born on 23rd March 1893 in Kalangal, India. He was an Indian engineer and inventor. He is commonly referred as ‘the Edison’ of India for his contribution to the fields of technology,industry and development. It has been recognized that he built the first electric motor in India.
                   Naidu was ecstatic when he was gifted the motorcycle from the British surveyor as it was the prize he had long sought. In his free time, he rode his motorcycle as far as possible and he tried to understand the mechanism of it at all. He began dismantling the bike and then refitting the equipment. In this process he became familiar with how the engine operated and how the brakes operated over time was able to put this experience to get a job as a mechanic.
14)What was Naidu’s relationship with agriculture?
A:- G. D.Naidu was born on 23rd March 1893 in Kalangal, India. He was an Indian engineer and inventor. He is commonly referred as ‘the Edison’ of India for his contribution to the fields of technology,industry and development. It has been recognized that he built the first electric motor in India.
     His time in cotton business had improved Naidu’s interest in agriculture. He spent considerable time researching and identifying new forms and varieties of cotton, maize and papaya. The farm he lived on prospered and was a source of curiosity for many, as he apparently completed the entire building built within eight hours time. Sir C.V.Raman, the Noble prize-winning Indian Physicist and Mokshagundam Viswesvaraiah and the Diwan of the then Mysore visited Naidu’s farm several times and were impressed by his dedication and passion for invitation.
15)What was Naidu doing between the 1920s and the 1930s?
A:- . D.Naidu was born on 23rd March 1893 in Kalangal, India. He was an Indian engineer and inventor. He is commonly referred as ‘the Edison’ of India for his contribution to the fields of technology, industry and development. It has been recognized that he built the first electric motor in India.
         In 1920s Naidu set up his own transport business, called UMS(Universal Motor Service).He also dabbled in the cotton, got tremendous success in it. Living comfortably and building reputation for himself, Naidu began travelling in the years of 1930s. His passion for technology extended to films and cameras and in 1935, he filmed ‘The Funeral of King George’ in London. Later he met with Adolf Hitler to secure manufacturing contracts of developing and manufacturing of razors. He later tried his hand at politics too but lost in 1936 Provincial General Elections.

Tuesday, September 1, 2015

I BTech I SEM : Trail Blazers (NON-DETAILED TEXT) -- GD NAIDU

Trail Blazers (NON-DETAILED TEXT) -- GD NAIDU


1. Give ANTONYMS of the following words:


     significant X insignificant
     dislike  X  like, liking
     passion X calm, calmness
     luxury   X need, essential, penury
     understatement   X  exaggeration

2. Give ANTONYMS of the following words:


     Frequently = again and again, often, regularly
     comprehensive = absolute, whole
     comfort    =   amenity, quiet, plenty
     purchase = acquire, buy, again
     prosper = benefit, arrive, bloom, blossom
  
3. Give the meaning of the following phrases and use them in sentences of your own:


     a. Over time=working hours in addition to those of a regular schedule.
          ex: He did five hours over time this week.
      b. long sought after= in great demand , need
          ex: An Olympic gold medal is the long sought after prize in spots.
      c.  expand one's horizons = to experience and learn new things,
           ex: Read more! Go our! and expand your horizons.
      d. try one's hand at something = to try doing something for the first time .
          ex: I might try my hand at a bit of North Indian cooking .
      f. With regard to = concerning, about
          ex: A change in the laws with regard to food safety.

Wednesday, August 19, 2015

IN LONDON

ENGLISH ESSENTIALS FOR I BTech FIRST SEMESTER (PART - I)


IN LONDON  (NOTES)
I.                    Vocabulary  (page 7)
1.       Undertake
2.      Infatuation
3.     Make up 
4.      Lose heart
5.      Perpetual
6.      Accomplishment 
7.       Recluse
8.       Emulate
9.       Lingua franca
10.   Disbursed 
 
II.                  Synonyms (Page 8)
1.       Preliminary = Initial
2.       Fashionable = Stylish
3.       Clumsy = Awkwardly
4.       Dreary = boring
5.       Excessive = Immoderate
6.       Emulate = excel
7.       Perpetual incessant
III.                Antonym (Page 8)
1.       Valuable  X cheap
2.       Civilized X unpolished
3.       Surplus X deficit
4.       Obsolete X latest
5.       Occasionally X often
6.       Ambitious X uninterested 
 
Add –Ons  (A)  (page 8 & 9)
1.       Prophecy
2.       Mortal
3.       Famine
4.      Borrow
5.        Owe
6.       Trade
7.       Ancestor
8.       Decree
9.       Debt
10.   Consent 

Add –Ons  (B)  (page 9)
1.       Severe
2.       Shook
3.       Spoke in a low voice
4.       Disappeared suddenly
5.       Skilled people who assist the captain

Add –Ons (C) (page 10)
1.       Acceptance
2.       Consent
3.       Ancestral
4.       Sell
5.       Famine
6.       Borrow
7.       Owed
8.       Prophet
9.       Terrible
10.   Muttered

Wednesday, August 28, 2013

Integrating Technology in the Classroom

Dr. Shaik Shaheen Taj, M.A., M Phil., Ph D.,
Principal, Nimra Women’s College of Engineering
Nimra Nagar, Jupudi, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.
Abstract:
This paper explores the ways in which modern technology such as internet may be incorporated in the English classroom to enhance learning. It begins exploring the traditional ways of teaching where the classroom is teacher-centered. It is depicted that such learning leaves the students passive and it fails to arouse the curiosity to learn in learners which in turn fails to build their overall personality development. It is further shown that teaching mixed ability students is a challenging task for the teachers in the classroom. The paper then goes to highlight the important aspects of the modern technology in which the focus is on the use of online resources through the internet which makes the student active leaving the teacher just to play the role of a facilitator. Besides this paper mentions some important websites which helps both teachers and students to update their knowledge in learning English in a modern way through audio and video clips. This paper concludes with a strong opinion that though modern technology plays an important role in the English classroom, an English teacher has an important role to play along with the latest technologies and internet resources in motivating and encouraging to student to learn all essential communication skills in an effective way.

Introduction
The main reason to use the Internet in English class is to create an English Environment which is absent especially in our Technical Institutions. Internet has powerful impact on students. I wanted to expose my students to a wider range of English than they usually encounter in their daily lives. I mainly made the students depend on the standard website http:// www.BBC.EnglishLearning.com which is a very good source to upgrade their English Language Skills. This teaching arouses the interest in all types of mixed ability students who feel free to do the activities without any inferiority complex. Their interest made me to search for more and more such websites which are beneficial to the students. I have made the links as direct as possible so that students to get relevant information without having to search for a long period of time. As we are aware of the fact a man without computer knowledge is considered to be an illiterate in this contemporary era. Thus through this method I wanted them to learn different activities related to computer such as creating e-mail accounts, learning to create their own blogs where they can post their creative works, creating their own web pages etc along with English Learning. Students were very excited to learn English using Internet in a playful manner. Practical knowledge makes them to remember things easily and they enjoy solving Language related puzzles to learn spelling, pronunciation, grammar etc. This method keeps all the students engaged and comfortable in learning. Internet learning helps students to see things in a new way.
Availability of Internet
The computer labs at college are linked to the Internet which is helpful to help students learn English easily making use of the available facilities. Apart from this I encourage students to use Internet cafes in their leisure time to learn everything quickly and to continue their effort of learning outside the class.
Effective ways of teaching with Modern Technology
Students learn surfing the web sites which is pleasurable to them. As it involves a great deal of reading in English it can also be a method to develop their English vocabulary. Teacher spends most of the time just facilitating the students who are busy in eagerly helping each other. Students enjoy doing assignments using internet resources. They are focused on their work without any embrasement. While browsing different sites students in a way help even teachers by sharing the different information they find online. While using internet for teaching blogs too play a very important role. A personal blog is an ongoing diary or commentary by an individual which is the best place to express ideas. A blog is a discussion or informational site published on the World Wide Web which consists of "posts" typically displayed in reverse chronological order. Students learn to bookmark important information and utilize it whenever they need it in future. Apart from this students learn to copy, paste and get printout of the needful resources available online. Using this they can prepare PowerPoint presentations too. Projects are given to them and they complete their project, using internet and present it in PowerPoint.  I have encouraged them to create their e mail ids and add my mail id so that I can easily pass on the information to them even in case of their absence to college due to some problems. This is also a better way to maintain cordial relationship with them through which we can motivate and mould them in a right way and help them to climb the ladder of success without any obstacles. I too have created my personal blog which is very helpful to B Tech, MBA & MCA Students of JNTU. It is purely the blog related to the Technical English. Few general topics are also posted which will be helpful to the students. This technology makes students approach learning in a modern way which is entirely different when compared to routine traditional way of learning. Blogs can be used to interact with students and to help them communicate their ideas by helping them to create their own blog. I encourage to students to leave their comments whenever they utilize the material available in my blog. Students take out the essential material’s printout which helps them to prepare for their examinations. Here I play a role of motivator and guide to students. This method allows students to use not just data around them but to use the data available in the world. Besides they can create their own websites free of cost. For example Weebly is one such website where we can register for free and publish about us and about our professional developments.
Important Internet sites to learn English
We can suggest any of the following sites for students to enhance their English knowledge. Internet 4 Classrooms (http://www.internet4classrooms.com/esl.htm ) is a free web portal designed by Susan Brooks and Bill Byles in February, 1997. Here we find high-quality free Internet resources to use in classroom instruction, to develop project ideas, etc.  This website is useful to teachers, parents and students of all ages. It is very easily available to anyone with an Internet connection. Similarly we have many more free web sites for people studying English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL). There are quizzes, word games, word puzzles, proverbs, slang expressions, anagrams, a random-sentence generator and other computer assisted language learning activities. Besides there is a very interesting website named EnglishClub (htm://www.englishclub.com/learn-english.htm) which is a free website designed to help students learn English online. Here one can make one’s own English page with blogs, photos, videos, music, groups and friends. It includes English Grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, English games, English Quizzes etc. the best website for beginners is Englishroom (http://www.english-room.com/classroom_english.html) website which arouses the interest of the learners. Apart from English Language knowledge it is very much essential for students to know what is going on around them. Thus there is a free service named Newsy.com (http://www.newsy.com/) which accelerates our understanding of a news story. It’s the only video news service that allows users to compare news sources from around the world to see how a story unfolds. English is essential not just for academic purpose or interaction purpose but it is also needed to face competitive examinations.  Thus a site is especially designed to prepare students to face such competitive exams confidential. Thus Road to Grammar ( http://www.roadtogrammar.com/) is a site for ESL, TESL, EFL, TEFL, TOEFL, and grammar and vocabulary practice. Another website named Everyday English as the names itself suggests helps us to teach the English which is essential in daily life of the students.  There is very important website named   http://edu.allmyfaves.com/ which has abundant material related to different aspects. Here we get free online books, information related to education, not just English but related all the science and technology subjects, exposing students to such websites enhances students learning ability and helps them to build their career in a right way availing the internet resources in a right way. It is well known fact anything can be learnt and remembered for long time if it is in lyrical form. Songs thus play an important role to perfect the students’ pronunciation. http://www.lyricstraining.com/ is one such site where students can enjoy the melodious video songs and at the same time practice correct pronunciation of English words. The other important sites are given below.


Conclusion
Changing time has changed the role of teachers in the classroom and hence teacher in no longer playing the role of mere traditional teacher with abundant information but has started incorporating modern technology in their classrooms. Thus we can very clearly understand that the Internet is a dynamic tool of communication and information gathering. Students anyhow are very much fixated on technology these days. Students can use the available data without any difficulty with the guidance of the teacher. Teacher here plays a role of felicitator by just guiding students to avail the data available as much as possible rather than spoon feeding them. Playing the role of felicitators it is our responsibility to just show the path to students and encourage them to tread the right path. Teacher is the best motivator and guide to the students. Finally I want to conclude saying that internet deals not only improving English communication but also makes students learn to acquire skills on their own which is very important aspect in doing research in future.







References:
“Projects Using the Internet In College English Classes.” The Internet TESL Journal (May 31, 1997). <http://iteslj.org/Lessons/Muehleisen-Projects.html > Jan 1, 2013.
Choudhury ,Anindya Syam . “Classroom roles of English language teachers: The Traditional and the innovative.”   Contemporary Online Language Education Journal (2011, 1): 33-40.
Umphrey ,Michael L . “Why use technology in the English classroom?” (2007):

 This paper of mine was published in the month of July (2013) from Tumkur University in their International Conference Journal. I am posting this online so that it might be useful to students who seek to improve their english.
Dr.Shaheen Taj